Table 1 Baseline characteristics, management and outcomes of patient with/without ß-blocker use before matching.
Before Propensity score matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
All N = 104,568 | ß-blocker N = 13,880 | Non-ß-blocker N = 90,688 | p value | |
Age, (SD), (years) | 68.3 (17.8) | 69.7 (14.3) | 68.1 (18.3) | 0.31 |
Male, (%) | 65,061 (62.2) | 7513 (54.1) | 57,548 (63.5) | < 0.0001 |
Medication | ||||
Antiplatelet agents | 32,011 (30.6) | 7069 (50.9) | 24,942 (27.5) | < 0.0001 |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 18,821 (18.0) | 4057 (29.2) | 14,764 (16.3) | < 0.0001 |
Angiotensin receptor blockers | 22,905 (21.9) | 5569 (40.1) | 17,336 (19.1) | < 0.0001 |
Charlson comorbidity index,(SD) | 2.3 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.2) | 2.2 (2.2) | < 0.0001 |
Primary cause of the cardiac arrest | ||||
Asphyxia | 2821 (2.7) | 345 (2.5) | 2476 (2.7) | 0.10 |
Drowning | 324 (0.3) | 33 (0.2) | 291 (0.3) | 0.11 |
Electrocution | 143 (0.2) | 21 (1.5) | 122 (1.3) | 0.41 |
Drug overdose | 44 (0.04) | 1 (0.01) | 43 (0.05) | 0.025 |
Medical | ||||
Cardiac | 9048 (8.7) | 1580 (11.4) | 7648 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
Other medical cause | ||||
Asthma | 2227 (2.1) | 164 (1.2) | 2063 (2.3) | < 0.0001 |
Renal disease | 3445 (3.3) | 713 (5.1) | 2732 (3.0) | < 0.0001 |
GI bleeding | 1366 (1.3) | 187 (1.4) | 1179 (1.3) | 0.6303 |
Unknown or no obvious | 85,150 (81.4) | 10,836 (78.1) | 74,134 (81.7) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 30,066 (28.8) | 5861 (42.2) | 24,205 (26.7) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 50,859 (48.6) | 10,688 (77.0) | 40,171 (44.3) | < 0.0001 |
Coronary artery disease | 20,236 (19.4) | 4922 (35.5) | 15,314 (16.9) | < 0.0001 |
Congestive heart failure | 17,616 (16.9) | 3710 (26.7) | 13,906 (15.3) | < 0.0001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 4334 (4.1 ) | 878 (6.3 ) | 3456 (3.8 ) | < 0.0001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 10,904 (10.4) | 2330 (16.8) | 8574 (9.5 ) | < 0.0001 |
Malignancy | 12,644 (12.1) | 1467 (10.6) | 11,177 (12.3) | < 0.0001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 27,863 (26.7) | 3146 (22.7) | 24,717 (27.3) | < 0.0001 |
Asthma | 10,257 (9.8 ) | 1195 (8.6) | 9062 (9.9 ) | < 0.0001 |
Urbanization level, n(%) | 0.21 | |||
1 (highest) | 64,316 (61.5) | 8623 (62.1) | 55,693 (61.4) | |
2 | 34,745 (33.2) | 4559 (32.9) | 30,186 (33.3) | |
3 | 3931 (3.8 ) | 510 (3.8 ) | 3421 (3.8 ) | |
4 (lowest) | 1576 (1.5 ) | 188 (1.5 ) | 1388 (2.2 ) | |
Resuscitation in medical center (%) | 22,947 (21.9) | 3280 (23.6) | 19,667 (21.7) | < 0.0001 |
Year of resuscitation | < 0.0001 | |||
2005 | 13,902 (13.3) | 1669 (12.0) | 12,233 (13.5) | |
2006 | 13,843 (13.2 | 1744 (12.6) | 12,099 (13.3) | |
2007 | 14,916 (14.3) | 1907 (13.7) | 13,009 (14.3) | |
2008 | 15,624 (14.9) | 2094 (15.1) | 13,530 (14.9) | |
2009 | 15,287 (14.6) | 2100 (15.1) | 13,187 (14.5) | |
2010 | 15,264 (14.6) | 2118 (15.3) | 13,146 (14.5) | |
2011 | 15,732 (15.0) | 2248 (16.2) | 13,484 (14.9) | |
Managements at emergency room | ||||
Epinephrine (%) | 99,934 (95.6) | 13,300 (95.8) | 86,634 (95.5) | 0.1211 |
Epinephrine dose(SD),(mg) | 10.0 (19.1) | 10.1 (8.0 ) | 9.9 (20.3) | 0.0012 |
Vasopressin (%) | 2309 (2.2 ) | 317 (2.3 ) | 1992 (2.2 ) | 0.5148 |
Managements after ICU admission | ||||
Coronary angiography (%) | 362 (0.4 ) | 87 (0.6 ) | 275 (0.3 ) | < 0.0001 |
Hypothermia (%) | 719 (0.7 ) | 127 (0.9 ) | 592 (0.7 ) | 0.0008 |
Ventilator (%) | 14,260 (13.6) | 2403 (17.3) | 11,857 (13.1) | < 0.0001 |
Outcomes | ||||
Survival to ICU admission | 23,588 (22.6) | 3571 (25.7) | 20,017 (22.1) | < 0.0001 |
Survival to discharge (%) | 14,243 (13.6) | 2148 (15.5) | 12,095 (13.3) | < 0.0001 |
One-year survival (%) | 3377 (3.2 ) | 586 (4.2 ) | 2791 (3.1 ) | < 0.0001 |
Ventilator wean rate in 30 days (%) | 2687 (2.6) | 461 (3.3 ) | 2226 (2.5 ) | < 0.0001 |
