Figure 5

Phase-based analyses of PAC. (a) We calculated the average values of the SIp of SOZ contacts or nSOZ contacts in the interictal and preictal states. No similarities existed between the SOZ contacts and nSOZ contacts. The angle (θ), length (R), and standard deviation (SD) of the mean vector are indicated, and p values, calculated using the Rayleigh test, are shown. (b) We sequentially plotted the angles of the mean vector from − 5 to 1 min. We observed continuous and periodic shapes in SOZ contacts and discontinuous shapes in nSOZ contacts. (c) The SOZ contacts showed that the phase-tuning HFA-normalized amplitude is at its peak at the trough of the ISA oscillations and at its lowest during the peak of the ISA oscillations in the preictal states; this trend was reversed in nSOZ contacts. In the ictal states, these patterns became obscure. The error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.