Table 1 Dung beetle abundance and richness across habitats (HG and SG), diurnal-nocturnal periods (D and N), and seasons (Dry and Wet). HG home garden, SG sacred grove, D day, N night.
Season | Habitat | Diel period | Total species (mean ± SD) | Total abundance (mean ± SD) | Tunneller abundance | Roller abundance | Dweller abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry | HG | D and N | 22 (7.72 ± 2.24) | 884 (80.36 ± 77) | 429 (39 ± 32.51) | 2 (1 ± 0) | 453 (56.62 ± 76.42) |
D | 15 (5 ± 3.23) | 620 (62 ± 85) | 166 (16.6 ± 16.07) | 2 (1 ± 0) | 452 (56.5 ± 76.48) | ||
N | 13 (3.90 ± 2.38) | 264 (24 ± 34.57) | 263 (23.90 ± 34.59) | 0 | 1 | ||
SG | D and N | 20 (5.81 ± 2.18) | 280 (25.45 ± 13.67) | 225 (20.45 ± 13.17) | 40 (13.33 ± 12.66) | 15 (2.5 ± 1.76) | |
D | 16 (2.8 ± 1.61) | 89 (8.9 ± 11.27) | 35 (3.5 ± 5.16) | 40 (13.33 ± 12.66) | 14 (2.33 ± 1.5) | ||
N | 12 (3.63 ± 2.01) | 191 (17.36 ± 14.64) | 190 (17.27 ± 14.75) | 0 | 1 | ||
Wet | HG | D and N | 32 (10.09 ± 4.72) | 1434 (130.36 ± 116.35) | 1017 (92.45 ± 66.88) | 0 | 417 (59.57 ± 112.60) |
D | 24 (6.63 ± 3.38) | 899 (81.72 ± 116.02) | 485 (44.09 ± 41.80) | 0 | 414 (69 ± 119.26) | ||
N | 21 (5.7 ± 3.26) | 535 (53.5 ± 53.17) | 532 (53.2 ± 53.33) | 0 | 3 (1.5 ± 0.7) | ||
SG | D and N | 18 (4.09 ± 2.25) | 129 (11.27 ± 8.47) | 127 (11.54 ± 8.25) | 0 | 2 (1 ± 0) | |
D | 10 (2.2 ± 1.92) | 37 (4.11 ± 4.01) | 36 (4 ± 3.74) | 0 | 1 | ||
N | 15 (3.09 ± 1.3) | 92 (8.36 ± 7.95) | 91 (8.27 ± 7.78) | 0 | 1 |
