Table 4 The objective indicators on Botswana (using 3% training, 3% verification, 94% testing).
Class | Training | Test | ContextNet | SSRN | FDSSC | DBDA | PyResNet | DBMA | A2S2KResNet | Ours |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8 | 254 | 98.97 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 88.88 \(\pm\) 0.08 | 98.01 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 98.45 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 63.78 \(\pm\) 0.22 | 95.56 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 97.21 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 94.36 \(\pm\) 0.07 |
2 | 3 | 97 | 76.57 \(\pm\) 0.08 | 93.47 \(\pm\) 0.05 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 91.68 \(\pm\) 0.07 | 98.99 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 98.98 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 97.89 \(\pm\) 0.01 |
3 | 7 | 243 | 92.27 \(\pm\) 0.05 | 99.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 60.56 \(\pm\) 0.24 | 98.67 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 97.70 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 99.56 \(\pm\) 0.01 |
4 | 6 | 203 | 89.22 \(\pm\) 0.09 | 83.11 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 92.16 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 95.42 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 94.79 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 93.76 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 94.14 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 89.91 \(\pm\) 0.06 |
5 | 8 | 254 | 73.97 \(\pm\) 0.16 | 95.77 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 83.24 \(\pm\) 0.07 | 89.49 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 41.43 \(\pm\) 0.13 | 89.09 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 85.11 \(\pm\) 0.05 | 87.79 \(\pm\) 0.06 |
6 | 8 | 253 | 87.75 \(\pm\) 0.05 | 87.39 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 90.05 \(\pm\) 0.09 | 96.64 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 48.55 \(\pm\) 0.12 | 92.64 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 76.53 \(\pm\) 0.09 | 98.59 \(\pm\) 0.01 |
7 | 7 | 248 | 96.63 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 98.93 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 94.09 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 99.86 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 97.98 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 99.87 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
8 | 6 | 193 | 95.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 93.53 \(\pm\) 0.09 | 99.82 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 98.63 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 86.25 \(\pm\) 0.14 | 94.48 \(\pm\) 0.05 | 96.14 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 98.26 \(\pm\) 0.02 |
9 | 9 | 297 | 84.62 \(\pm\) 0.12 | 81.94 \(\pm\) 0.09 | 95.96 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 99.56 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 78.90 \(\pm\) 0.10 | 97.86 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 86.06 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 89.49 \(\pm\) 0.08 |
10 | 7 | 229 | 78.91 \(\pm\) 0.22 | 84.19 \(\pm\) 0.11 | 99.31 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 98.91 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 85.99 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 91.42 \(\pm\) 0.10 | 93.73 \(\pm\) 0.08 | 97.62 \(\pm\) 0.03 |
11 | 9 | 283 | 78.68 \(\pm\) 0.14 | 96.16 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 89.11 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 96.74 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 97.18 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
12 | 5 | 166 | 81.34 \(\pm\) 0.26 | 90.40 \(\pm\) 0.07 | 98.60 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 99.46 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 88.23 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 98.10 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 98.90 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
13 | 8 | 252 | 68.08 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 84.86 \(\pm\) 0.08 | 90.83 \(\pm\) 0.07 | 90.77 \(\pm\) 0.07 | 77.68 \(\pm\) 0.09 | 88.53 \(\pm\) 0.08 | 87.47 \(\pm\) 0.10 | 86.70 \(\pm\) 0.09 |
14 | 3 | 90 | 88.52 \(\pm\) 0.16 | 98.43 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 | 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
OA (%) | 94 | 3060 | 82.57 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 89.19 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 95.47 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 97.25 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 63.05 \(\pm\) 0.06 | 94.55 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 91.62 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 94.63 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
AA (%) | Â | Â | 85.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 91.16 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 96.28 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 97.67 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 78.65 \(\pm\) 0.03 | 95.41 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 93.37 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 95.72 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
Kappa | Â | Â | 0.8107 \(\pm\) 0.04 | 0.8829 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 0.9509 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 0.9702 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 0.5981 \(\pm\) 0.07 | 0.9409 \(\pm\) 0.02 | 0.9091 \(\pm\) 0.01 | 0.9418 \(\pm\) 0.00 |
Training time | Â | Â | 40.53 | 90.40 | 179.32 | 146.67 | 120.34 | 72.09 | 47.53 | 50.29 |
Test time | Â | Â | 10.74 | 8.88 | 8.82 | 10.85 | 22.96 | 6.75 | 8.92 | 7.09 |
