Table 1 Comparation of the artificial neural network, support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis algorithms to assess soybean seed quality using autofluorescence-spectral data, and the model performances based on accuracy, kappa, precision, recall and F1.

From: Autofluorescence-spectral imaging as an innovative method for rapid, non-destructive and reliable assessing of soybean seed quality

Metrics

Artificial neural network

Support vector machine

Linear discriminant analysis

Cross-validation

External validation

Cross-validation

External validation

Cross-validation

External validation

Folds = 5 (n = 680)

n = 120

Folds = 5 (n = 680)

n = 120

Folds = 5 (n = 680)

n = 120

Accuracy

0.99 ± 0.003

0.99

0.99 ± 0.010

0.99

0.99 ± 0.006

0.99

Kappa

0.99 ± 0.004

0.99

0.98 ± 0.013

0.99

0.98 ± 0.007

0.99

Precision

0.99 ± 0.003

0.99

0.99 ± 0.010

0.99

0.99 ± 0.005

0.99

Recall

0.99 ± 0.003

0.99

0.99 ± 0.010

0.99

0.99 ± 0.006

0.99

F1

0.99 ± 0.003

0.99

0.99 ± 0.010

0.99

0.99 ± 0.005

0.99

  1. The models were created using autofluorescence-spectral data extracted from non-aged seeds and seeds aged for 12, 24 and 48 h (n = 800 seeds).