Table 1 Characteristics of children born in Western Australia between 1980–2014 diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (cases) and population controls.
Cases | Controls | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
Total cohort size | 1,819 | 27,259 | |
Sex of child, female [n %] | 881 (48.4) | 13,200 (48.4) | – |
Ethnicity, Caucasian [n %] | 1,734 (95.3) | 24,916 (91.4) | < 0.001 |
Mother’s age at delivery (years) [mean (SD)] | 28.6 (5.4) | 28.4 (5.2) | 0.27 |
Parity [n %] | 0.84 | ||
0 | 759 (41.7) | 11,292 (41.4) | |
1 | 621 (34.1) | 9,347 (34.3) | |
2 | 305 (16.8) | 4,464 (16.4) | |
≥ 3 | 134 (7.4) | 2,156 (7.9) | |
Caesarean section [n %] | 484 (7.2) | 1,335 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
Gestational age at time of birth (months) [mean (SD)] | 38.7 (1.9) | 38.9 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Complications during pregnancy [n %] | 652 (35.8) | 9,440 (34.6) | 0.29 |
Birth weight (kg) [mean (SD)] | 3.4 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.6) | 0.14 |
Apgar score | 9.1 (0.8) | 9.1 (0.7) | 0.34 |
Maternal diabetes [n %] | 10 (0.6) | 49 (0.2) | 0.001 |
Gestational diabetes [n %] | 27 (1.5) | 398 (1.5) | 0.93 |
Remoteness [n %] | 0.02 | ||
Metro | 1,382 (76.0) | 19,991 (73.3) | |
Rural | 318 (17.5) | 5,061 (18.6) | |
Remote | 119 (6.5) | 2,207 (8.1) | |
Social disadvantage (IRSD) [n %] | 0.19 | ||
0–10% | 189 (10.6) | 2,631 (10.0) | |
11–25% | 245 (13.8) | 4,022 (15.2) | |
26–75% | 862 (48.5) | 13,070 (49.5) | |
76–90% | 260 (14.6) | 3,476 (13.2) | |
91–100% | 221 (12.4) | 3,222 (12.2) | |
Education and occupation (IEO) [n %] | 0.20 | ||
0–10% | 155 (8.0) | 2,118 (8.7) | |
11–25% | 277 (16.4) | 4,335 (15.6) | |
26–75% | 910 (50.6) | 13,364 (51.2) | |
76–90% | 231 (12.0) | 3,177 (13.0) | |
91–100% | 204 (13.0) | 3,427 (11.5) |
