Figure 5
Schematic overview for inducing angiogenesis with VEGF gradient and defective angiogenesis in gamma-irradiated endothelial monolayer (a) By adding an additional 50 ng/mL of VEGF-A into the side channels, a gradient of VEGF-A was generated between the side channels and the central channel. (b) After the gamma irradiation treatment, endothelial monolayers were induced to angiogenesis for 5 more days. The endothelial monolayer that was exposed to high-dose (8 Gy) gamma irradiation showed a reduced cell migration into the hydrogel in comparison to the non-irradiated one. (n = 3) (c) In addition, the immunofluorescence images showed disrupted lumen structures in the gamma-irradiated endothelial monolayer. (d) Relative gene expressions for Notch1, Jagged1, and Dll4 showed large gaps among the non- and irradiated endothelial cells (scale bar: 100 and 150 µm; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, n = 2–3). Statistical comparison were calculated with two-tailed t-tests using Prism (7.0a, GraphPad software, www.graphpad.com). Adobe illustrator (CC 2019 23.0.1, www.adobe.com) was used for creating schematic, phase-contrast images, immunofluorescence images and graphs.
