Table 1 Baseline characteristics.
From: Association between diabetes status and subsequent onset of glaucoma in postmenopausal women
N | Diabetes status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No diabetes | Impaired fasting glucose | New onset diabetes | Diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic medication | Diabetes treated with insulin | |
867,390 | 328,736 | 35,439 | 119,552 | 21,123 | |
Demographics | |||||
Age | 60.66 ± 8.20 | 61.75 ± 8.25 | 62.83 ± 8.52 | 64.80 ± 7.75 | 65.24 ± 7.75 |
Smoking | |||||
Non | 835,933 (96.37) | 315,689 (96.03) | 33,759 (95.26) | 114,637 (95.89) | 20,200 (95.63) |
Ex | 8890 (1.02) | 3697 (1.12) | 390 (1.10) | 1431 (1.20) | 276 (1.31) |
Current | 22,567 (2.60) | 9350 (2.84) | 1290 (3.64) | 3484 (2.91) | 647 (3.06) |
Alcohol drinking | |||||
No | 757,370 (87.32) | 281,904 (85.75) | 30,436 (85.88) | 109,844 (91.88) | 19,899 (94.21) |
Mild | 106,102 (12.23) | 44,430 (13.52) | 4690 (13.23) | 9264 (7.75) | 1178 (5.58) |
Heavy | 3918 (0.45) | 2402 (0.73) | 313 (0.88) | 444 (0.37) | 46 (0.22) |
Regular Exercise | 161,459 (18.61) | 59,471 (18.09) | 6053 (17.08) | 22,648 (18.94) | 3705 (17.54) |
Income (lowest quintile) | 200,051 (23.06) | 74,451 (22.65) | 8369 (23.62) | 25,618 (21.43) | 4258 (20.16) |
Past medical history | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 35,439 (100) | 119,552 (100) | 21,123 (100) |
Hypertension | 336,269 (38.77) | 167,296 (50.89) | 21,234 (59.92) | 85,631 (71.63) | 16,141 (76.41) |
Dyslipidemia | 248,890 (28.69) | 126,491 (38.48) | 15,711 (44.33) | 64,910 (54.29) | 12,662 (59.94) |
Chronic kidney disease | 85,653 (9.87) | 41,059 (12.49) | 5373 (15.16) | 21,144 (17.69) | 5677 (26.88) |
Laboratory findings | |||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 123.93 ± 15.90 | 127.62 ± 16.12 | 130.28 ± 16.73 | 129.77 ± 16.15 | 129.52 ± 16.85 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.21 ± 10.10 | 78.04 ± 10.18 | 79.16 ± 10.38 | 77.87 ± 10.04 | 77.02 ± 10.37 |
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 88.62 ± 7.25 | 107.84 ± 6.56 | 147.83 ± 33.30 | 133.88 ± 42.33 | 148.93 ± 63.20 |
Cholesterol, mg/dL | 206.98 ± 41.99 | 214.58 ± 45.38 | 218.92 ± 48.19 | 199.36 ± 48.42 | 195.48 ± 52.1 |
Body mass index, kg/cm2 | 23.8 ± 2.99 | 24.52 ± 3.15 | 25.08 ± 3.36 | 25.19 ± 3.35 | 24.86 ± 3.42 |
Reproductive factors | |||||
Age at menarche, y | 16.41 ± 1.84 | 16.48 ± 1.83 | 16.56 ± 1.82 | 16.58 ± 1.81 | 16.59 ± 1.80 |
− 11 | 8746 (1.01) | 3037 (0.92) | 286 (0.81) | 917 (0.77) | 160 (0.76) |
12–15 | 452,384 (52.15) | 166,555 (50.67) | 17,314 (48.86) | 57,589 (48.17) | 10,007 (47.37) |
16- | 406,260 (46.84) | 159,144 (48.41) | 17,839 (50.34) | 61,046 (51.06) | 10,956 (51.87) |
Age at menopause, y | 49.98 ± 3.95 | 50.08 ± 4.02 | 50.06 ± 4.17 | 50.1 ± 4.32 | 49.9 ± 4.46 |
− 39 | 14,430 (1.66) | 5352 (1.63) | 675 (1.90) | 2525 (2.11) | 515 (2.44) |
40–44 | 48,832 (5.63) | 18,581 (5.65) | 2148 (6.06) | 7465 (6.24) | 1472 (6.97) |
45–49 | 239,985 (27.67) | 88,770 (27.00) | 9195 (25.95) | 30,284 (25.33) | 5466 (25.88) |
50–54 | 477,880 (55.09) | 179,398 (54.57) | 19,271 (54.38) | 63,299 (52.95) | 10,918 (51.69) |
55- | 86,263 (9.95) | 36,635 (11.14) | 4150 (11.71) | 15,979 (13.37) | 2752 (13.03) |
Total reproductive years | 33.57 ± 4.33 | 33.6 ± 4.41 | 33.5 ± 4.57 | 33.52 ± 4.72 | 33.31 ± 4.83 |
− 29 | 116,954 (13.48) | 45,177 (13.74) | 5161 (14.56) | 18,086 (15.13) | 3458 (16.37) |
30–34 | 364,967 (42.08) | 136,751 (41.60) | 14,731 (41.57) | 48,688 (40.73) | 8796 (41.64) |
35–39 | 333,568 (38.46) | 124,948 (38.01) | 13,070 (36.88) | 43,284 (36.21) | 7224 (34.20) |
40- | 51,901 (5.98) | 21,860 (6.65) | 2477 (6.99) | 9494 (7.94) | 1645 (7.79) |
Hormone replacement therapy | |||||
None | 691,411 (79.71) | 268,870 (81.79) | 29,991 (84.63) | 101,322 (84.75) | 17,805 (84.29) |
< 2 years | 83,868 (9.67) | 28,849 (8.78) | 2501 (7.06) | 8101 (6.78) | 1399 (6.62) |
2–5 years | 35,389 (4.08) | 11,262 (3.43) | 961 (2.71) | 3063 (2.56) | 543 (2.57) |
≥ 5 years | 27,363 (3.15) | 7929 (2.41) | 692 (1.95) | 2666 (2.23) | 501 (2.37) |
Unknown | 29,359 (3.38) | 11,826 (3.60) | 1294 (3.65) | 4400 (3.68) | 875 (4.14) |
Parity | |||||
None | 22,117 (2.55) | 8122 (2.47) | 817 (2.31) | 2431 (2.03) | 410 (1.94) |
1 | 55,875 (6.44) | 19,628 (5.97) | 1969 (5.56) | 5080 (4.25) | 899 (4.26) |
≥ 2 | 789,398 (91.01) | 300,986 (91.56) | 32,653 (92.14) | 112,041 (93.72) | 19,814 (93.80) |
Breastfeeding | |||||
None | 60,027 (6.92) | 21,537 (6.55) | 2140 (6.04) | 6013 (5.03) | 1045 (4.95) |
< 6 months | 61,690 (7.11) | 20,906 (6.36) | 1830 (5.16) | 5011 (4.19) | 833 (3.94) |
6 months-1 year | 157,643 (18.17) | 56,712 (17.25) | 5560 (15.69) | 16,664 (13.94) | 2934 (13.89) |
≥ 1 year | 588,030 (67.79) | 229,581 (69.84) | 25,909 (73.11) | 91,864 (76.84) | 16,311 (77.22) |
Oral contraceptive use | |||||
None | 696,490 (80.30) | 261,485 (79.54) | 28,383 (80.09) | 93,811 (78.47) | 16,506 (78.14) |
< 1 year | 78,350 (9.03) | 30,324 (9.22) | 3051 (8.61) | 10,811 (9.04) | 1831 (8.67) |
≥ 1 year | 50,104 (5.78) | 20,468 (6.23) | 2205 (6.22) | 8828 (7.38) | 1612 (7.63) |
Unknown | 42,446 (4.89) | 16,459 (5.01) | 1800 (5.08) | 6102 (5.10) | 1174 (5.56) |
