Table 2 Changes in expression of selected inflammatory genes in PBMCs from 54 patients with T2D randomized to liraglutide vs placebo treatment.

From: Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes

 

∆Ct

∆∆Ct

Baseline (SD)

End-of-treatment (SD)

P

Change (95% CI)

Fold change

P-value

TNFA

Liraglutide n = 31

8.5 (0.82)

9.0 (0.49)

0.004

0.43 (0.15; 0.72)

0.74

0.67

Placebo n = 23

8.5 (0.70)

8.9 (0.70)

0.11

0.33 (-0.09; 0.75)

0.80

IL1B

Liraglutide n = 31

8.9 (1.4)

9.5 (1.3)

0.046

0.59 (0.01; 1.2)

0.66

0.83

Placebo n = 23

9.5 (1.5)

10.0 (1.1)

0.18

0.49 (-0.25; 1.2)

0.71

IFNG

Liraglutide n = 31

12.9 (1.4)

11.4 (1.6)

0.0002

-1.5 (-2.3; -0.77)

2.8

0.47

Placebo n = 21

12.7 (1.2)

11.6 (1.3)

0.002

-1.1 (-1.8; -0.46)

2.1

ICAM1

Liraglutide n = 31

9.8 (0.97)

10.0 (0.93)

0.43

0.22 (-0.34; 0.78)

0.86

0.43

Placebo n = 21

10.0 (1.0)

9.8 (1.9)

0.70

-0.16 (-1.0; 0.69)

1.1

CD163

Liraglutide n = 30

8.4 (1.6)

7.3 (1.6)

0.006

-1.1 (-1.8; -0.34)

2.1

0.74

Placebo n = 23

7.9 (1.4)

6.7 (2.0)

0.009

-1.3 (-2.2; -0.35)

2.5

CCL5

Liraglutide n = 30

3.2 (0.79)

2.6 (0.92)

0.002

-0.61 (-0.98; -0.24)

1.5

0.36

Placebo, n = 23

3.1 (0.87)

2.8 (0.79)

0.14

-0.35 (-0.81; 0.12)

1.3

  1. Gene expression of selected inflammatory genes before and after 26-weeks of treatment with liraglutide vs placebo measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Ct cycle threshold. ∆Ct = Ct (gene of interest) – Ct (ACTB). ∆∆Ct = ∆Ct (baseline) − ∆Ct (end-of-treatment). A positive ∆∆Ct is interpreted as an upregulation of the gene, a negative ∆∆Ct is interpreted as a downregulation of the gene. Fold change = 2−∆∆Ct. Data are mean (SD) or change (95% CI). Paired t-test for comparisons between baseline and end-of-treatment within groups and unpaired t-test for comparison of the change from baseline to end-of-treatment between the two groups.
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