Figure 1

Experimental setups and protocols for concurrent tPBM/EEG and thermo_stim/EEG measurements. (a) Photo of FDA-cleared, 1064-nm, continuous-wave laser (Model CG-500). (b) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup: 64 electrodes of an EEG device were attached to an international 10–10 standard EEG cap, while the subject was wearing a pair of safety goggles and retained in eye-closed resting state during the sham or active tPBM condition. The laser aperture was pointed at the right forehead of the subject with 2-cm away from the skin. (c) The experimental protocol including a 2-min baseline, 8-min stimulation (with a laser power of 3.5 W for tPBM and 0 W for sham), and a 3-min recovery period. (d) Picture of the thermal stimulator system (Pathway model with ATS thermode). (e) Schematic diagram of the EEG setup used when the subject retained eye-closed during the sham or active thermo_stim condition. The thermode was attached at the right forehead of the subject to produce heat mimicking that created in tPBM. (f) The experimental protocol for thermal stimulation: a 2-min baseline, 8-min thermo_stim, and a 2-min recovery period.