Figure 4

Anti-tumor effect of each component of PAL. (a) Schematic of the purification procedure for 2,3-dimetyltartrate in plasma-activated L-sodium lactate solution. (b) The cell viability of U251SP glioblastoma cells treated with 5, 10, or 20Â mM of pyruvate, acetate, dimethyltartrate, 2,3-dimethyltartrate, glyoxylate, or formate in culture medium. (c) Cell viability of U251SP glioblastoma cells and normal astrocytes treated with 5, 10, 15, or 20Â mM of 2,3-dimethyltartrate or glyoxylate in culture medium. (d) The cell viability of U251SP glioblastoma cells treated with 0.15625, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, or 2.5Â mM of synthesized 2,3-dimethyltartrate in Lactec.