Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study

Figure 2

Path analysis for the relationship between maternal smoking toward offspring’s HC, PWR and placental abnormalities (A, gestation age; B, placenta previa; C, abruption placentae; D, placental calcification; E, placental infarction) showing the standardized estimates with p-values and coefficient of determination (R2). *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, (n.s.): not significant. ”e” represent the errors. HC, head circumference; PWR, placental weight ratio.

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