Table 4 Region wise forest fragmentation in Nepal. Change percentage represented by ‘a’ means the highly inflated figure due to very small denominator.

From: Tracking forest loss and fragmentation between 1930 and 2020 in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) range in Nepal

Fragmentation class (area in km2)

Eastern

Central

Western

Far western

1930

1975

2000

2020

1930–2020% change

1930

1975

2000

2020

1930–2020% change

1930

1975

2000

2020

1930–2020% change

1930

1975

2000

2020

1930–2020% change

Patch

0.01

69.68

333.42

93.36

− 933,500.00

0.14

49.51

224.21

75.1

− 53,542.86

0.000

22.21

192.38

23.4

a

0

15.71

215.33

18.99

a

Edge

297.17

863.34

1820.37

950.68

− 219.91

322.23

1011.77

2802.83

1252.36

− 288.65

219.920

463.55

1367.61

544.19

− 147.45

247.23

486.95

1726.4

532.38

− 115.34

Perforated

0.11

457.76

1360.58

423.75

− 385,127.27

0.11

826.08

3304.97

706.05

− 641,763.64

0.240

268.44

1649.26

271.11

− 112,862.50

0.21

324.25

2088.15

292.29

− 139,085.71

Core1

15.89

162.51

8.48

177.85

− 1019.26

4.28

133.75

22.79

186.38

− 4254.67

13.200

59.21

14.89

77.71

− 488.71

8.82

66.85

21.6

67.31

− 663.15

Core2

15.2

65.74

6.7

77.38

− 409.08

8.83

40.92

18.22

66.08

− 648.36

9.990

22.44

18

26.24

− 162.66

15.31

28.42

22.24

37.96

− 147.94

Core3

4279.55

2465.92

252.14

1825.46

57.34

8331.55

5420.95

794.33

4468.89

46.36

4093.490

3326.18

675.62

2829.29

30.88

6432.07

4668.8

1112.8

4044.91

37.11

Total

4607.92

4084.94

3781.68

3548.48

22.99

8667.14

7482.98

7167.34

6754.86

22.06

4336.840

4162.02

3917.77

3771.95

13.03

6703.66

5590.97

5186.52

4993.85

25.51

  1. aThe estimate is not reliable as forest cover within these categories were very small in 1930.