Table 1 Phi (φ) coefficients for within-tree associations for S. sapinea and Boring pests.

From: Mongolian pine forest decline by the combinatory effect of European woodwasp and plant pathogenic fungi

 

Sirex noctilio

Bark beetle

Sphaeropsis sapinea

0.189 *

0.164 *

Sirex noctilio

–

0.232 **

Bark beetle

–

–

  1. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
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