Figure 2

Respiratory activity: (A) representative image of tracheas; (B) trachea diameter; (C) airway resistance; (D) respiratory rate; (E) tidal volume; (F) minute ventilation; (G) CO₂ response calculated as the percent change in minute ventilation from room-air breathing to 7% CO₂ stimulation; (H) serum lactate level; (I) soleus p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. Raw—airway resistance; AMPK—5' AMP-activated protein kinase; blue—control (C); green—obstructive (AO); black—mild obstructive (mAO); red—obstruction removal (OR). Values are mean ± SEM. * p < 0.01, C vs. AO or mAO group. + p < 0.05, AO vs. mAO. In (B,F–H), statistical differences were determined by a one-way ANOVA. In (B–E), statistical differences were determined by a two-way ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test.