Figure 3

Spatial relative risk of gun violence during the pandemic vs. pre-pandemic. Map shows the intensity (or risk) difference which was estimated by comparing the smoothed intensity of GV events during the pandemic (March 01, 2020, through March 31, 2021) vs. before the pandemic (February 01, 2019, through February 29, 2020) across 51 states. If the difference is ~ 0, the risk of GV is unrelated to spatial location. Evidence of spatial variation in risk occurs where the intensities differ. Difference values > 0 indicate higher risk, and values < 0 indicate lower risk. Dotted lines highlight areas of significantly higher risk of GV during the pandemic.