Table 2 List of potential reference genes.

From: Identification of new reference genes with stable expression patterns for gene expression studies using human cancer and normal cell lines

Gene symbol

Gene name

Ensembl gene ID

Function

CV

Rank

No. of articles

SNW1

SNW domain-containing 1

ENSG00000100603

Signal transduction, regulation of transcription and splicing

0.189

1

0

CNOT4

CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 4

ENSG00000080802

Global transcriptional regulation, deadenylase, signal transduction, E3 ubiquitin ligase

0.205

3

0

PUM1

Pumilio RNA binding family member 1

ENSG00000134644

Regulation of the stability and function of specific mRNAs

0.235

8

11

PCBP1

Poly(rC) binding protein 1

ENSG00000169564

mRNA stabilization, alternative splicing, regulation of transcription and translation

0.291

161

2

IPO8

Importin 8

ENSG00000133704

Protein transport—nuclear import of proteins with a classical nuclear localization signal

0.336

637

13

HNRNPL

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L

ENSG00000104824

mRNA splicing, stabilization, regulation of transcription and translation

0.347

791

1

TBP

TATA-box binding protein

ENSG00000112592

Transcription—general transcription factor

0.347

813

70

UBC

Ubiquitin C

ENSG00000150991

Protein catabolism—ubiquitylation of damaged/unfolded proteins

0.366

1150

29

PPIA

Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

ENSG00000196262

Protein folding—Cis–trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds

0.402

1893

49

RPL30

Ribosomal protein L30

ENSG00000156482

Translation—component of the 60S ribosomal subunit

0.420

2294

4

RPL13A

Ribosomal protein L13a

ENSG00000142541

Translation—component of the 60S ribosomal subunit

0.438

2715

35

YWHAZ

Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/

tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta

ENSG00000164924

Signal transduction—central hub protein for many signal transduction pathways

0.462

3258

37

ACTB

Actin beta

ENSG00000075624

Cytoskeletal structural protein

0.472

3484

113

GAPDH

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

ENSG00000111640

Metabolism—oxidoreductase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

0.492

3909

165

PGK1

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

ENSG00000102144

Metabolism—kinase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

0.497

4014

29

HMBS

Hydroxymethylbilane synthase

ENSG00000256269

Metabolism—heme biosynthesis

0.551

4966

22

HPRT1

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

ENSG00000165704

Metabolism—purine synthesis in salvage pathway

0.551

4973

65

EEF1A1

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1

ENSG00000156508

Translation—aminoacyl-trna delivery to the ribosome

0.557

5060

12

ALAS1

5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1

ENSG00000023330

Metabolism—heme biosynthesis

0.578

5397

10

SDHA

Succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A

ENSG00000073578

Metabolism—part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

0.590

5579

35

GUSB

Glucuronidase beta

ENSG00000169919

Metabolism—degradation of dermatan and keratan sulfates

0.713

7074

24

TFRC

Transferrin receptor

ENSG00000072274

Metabolism—cellular iron uptake

0.738

7316

10

B2M

Beta-2-microglobulin

ENSG00000166710

Immunity—β-chain of major Histocompatibility complex class I molecules

0.906

8802

78

POLR2A

RNA polymerase II subunit A

ENSG00000181222

Transcription—RNA polymerase

1.143

10,376

12

  1. Coefficient of variation (CV) and the corresponding rank is calculated from the relative expression data in the RNA HPA cell line gene dataset from The Human Protein Atlas39,40. Genes are arranged in ascending order of the rank. The genes used in the present study are shown in bold. Genes suggested by Jo et al. are shown in italic34. For details regarding the No. of articles, refer to “Methods”.