Table 1 Material parameters used for simulations in this paper.
Yurakucho sand | Miho sand | Toyoura sand | |
|---|---|---|---|
General | |||
Minimum void ratio emin | 0.780 | 0.571 | 0.678 |
Maximum void ratio emax | 1.268 | 0.938 | 0.992 |
Relative density Dr | 30.6% | 85.1% | 87.5% |
Average particle diameter d (mm) | 0.240 | 0.161 | 0.196 |
Particle density \(\rho_{s}\) (kg/m3) | 2700 | 2663 | 2640 |
Specific | |||
Critical stress ratio \(M\) | 2.01 | 2.267 | 1.82 |
Fitting parameter \(A_{0}\) | 2400 | 1105 | 1600 |
Fitting parameter \( \gamma_{r1}\) | 0.15% | 0.20% | 0.10% |
Fitting parameter \(\gamma_{r2}\) | 0.48% | 0.51% | 0.33% |
Fitting parameter \(I_{0}\) | 4 × 10−7 | 4 × 10−7 | 4 × 10−9 |
Fitting parameter \(\mu_{1}\) | 1.428 | 1.235 | 1.068 |
