Table 3 Vital signs and laboratory parameters of COVID-19, influenza and dengue patients.

Vital signs at presentation

Temperature, °C

37.7 (37.1–38.1)

38.2 (37.6–38.7)

 < 0.0005

37.5 (37.0–38.1)

0.547

Heart rate, beats per minute

89.0 (80.0–99.8)

103 (95–115)

 < 0.0005

75 (66–84)

 < 0.0005

Respiratory rate, breaths per minute

18.0 (17.0–19.0)

–

–

18 (18–18)

0.715

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

133.0 (121.0–146.0)

111 (103–123)

 < 0.0005

119 (110–128)

 < 0.0005

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.0 (73.0–88.0)

68 (60–75)

 < 0.0005

72 (65–80)

 < 0.0005

Pulse oximeter O2 saturation (%)

98.0 (97.0–99.0)

–

–

99 (98–100)

 < 0.0005

Baseline laboratory investigations

WBC count, × 10⁹/L

4.7 (3.9–5.9)

6.8 (5.6–8.0)

 < 0.0005

2.5 (2.0–3.2)

 < 0.0005

Haemoglobin, g/dL

14.2 (13.0–15.1)

14.0 (13.0–14.9)

0.342

15.1 (14.1–15.9)

 < 0.0005

Haematocrit, %

42.1 (38.7–44.4)

–

–

44.0 (41.4–46.6)

 < 0.0005

Platelet count, × 10⁹/L

200.5 (168.5–237.5)

210.0 (171.0–260.0)

0.066

97.5 (73.0–119.0)

 < 0.0005

Neutrophil count, × 10⁹/L

2.7 (2.0–4.1)

5.0 (3.5–6.3)

 < 0.0005

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

 < 0.0005

Lymphocyte count, × 10⁹/L

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

 < 0.0005

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

 < 0.0005

Albumin, g/L

41.0 (38.0–43.0)

40.0 (38.0–42.0)

0.463

39.0 (37.0–42.0)

0.044

ALT, U/L

28.0 (19.0–44.8)

20.0 (15.0–32.5)

 < 0.0005

31.0 (22.0–52.0)

0.062

AST, U/L

26.5 (19.0–36.3)

24.0 (20.0–30.0)

0.271

47.0 (32.0–77.8)

 < 0.0005

Creatinine, µmol/L

70.0 (59.0–89.0)

82.0 (67.3–98.0)

 < 0.0005

76.0 (68.0–88.8)

0.011