Figure 2
Molecular phylogeny of Heterobranchia and its new infraclass Mesoneura as sister to Euthyneura. Tree reconstruction was performed in MrBayes and based on combined nucleotide sequences of nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes. Numerals on branches denote bootstrap proportions from RAxML-HPC analysis (BP in %, left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP, right); asterisks denote full support (BP: 100%, PP: 1). Three branches of Murchisonellidae were shortened by 50% for graphical purpose. Lower heterobranch Architectonicidae and Ammonicera not included due to very long branches (see Supplementary Fig. S2a). Orange asterisks indicate four novel clades retrieved in this analysis; from left to right: Tetratentaculata (no rank), new infraclass Mesoneura, new superfamily Tjaernoeioidea, and new family Parvaplustridae. (a–y) Exemplar species from major subgroups of Heterobranchia: (a) Tomura yashima (representing Cornirostridae), (b) Valvata cristata, (c) Boschitestella cf. eloiseae (Orbitestellidae), (d) Cima sp., (e) Larochella sp., (f) Tjaernoeia exquisita (redrawn and modified from Jensen, 1999: fig. 2A26), (g) Tj. exquisita (redrawn and modified from Warén, 1991: fig. 2627), (h) Parvaplustrum tenerum (redrawn and modified from Powell, 1951: fig. 9728), (i) Murchisonella cf. anabathron (photograph courtesy of Angela Dinapoli), (j) Rhodope veranii, (k) Rissoella diaphana, (l) Acteon tornatilis, (m) Ringicula doliaris, (n) Felimida krohni, (o) Berthella ocellata (Pleurobranchidae), (p) Trinchesia morrowae (Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae), (q) Haminoea hydatis, (r) Aplysia punctata, (s) Thuridilla hopei, (t) Discus rotundatus, (u) Onchidella celtica, (v) Carychium pessimum, (w) Pseudunela marteli, (x) Turbonilla rufa, and (y) Physella acuta.
