Table 2 Total NNAL, NNN, and cotinine in urine samples from smokeless tobacco users and non-users of tobacco recruited in Mumbai, India.

From: Simultaneous analysis of urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, N′-nitrosonornicotine, and cotinine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry

Individual subjects

Biomarker levels

Total NNAL (pmol/mL)

Total NNN (pmol/mL)

Total cotinine (nmol/mL)

Smokeless tobacco users

1

0.75

0.02

13.3

2

0.71

0.05

5.5

3

2.22

0.14

11.1

4

1.41

0.04

12.2

5

0.96

0.03

8.5

6

1.56

0.05

4.3

7

0.60

0.02

3.6

8

22.6

1.35

44.2

9

0.76

0.02

2.9

10

8.27

0.34

48.3

11

1.17

0.02

5.1

12

0.32

0.04

7.2

13

5.39

0.27

17.9

14

6.30

0.16

19.3

15

2.05

0.17

11.5

Mean ± SD

3.67 ± 5.8

0.18 ± 0.3

14.33 ± 13.9

Non-users of tobacco

1

ND

ND

LOQ

2

ND

ND

0.06

3

ND

ND

0.02

4

ND

ND

0.07

5

ND

ND

0.02

6

ND

ND

0.02

7

ND

ND

ND

8

ND

ND

ND

9

ND

ND

0.02

10

ND

ND

0.01

11

ND

ND

0.01

12

ND

ND

0.01

13

ND

ND

0.01

14

ND

ND

0.01

15

ND

ND

ND

Mean ± SD

N/A

N/A

0.03 ± 0.02

  1. Abbreviations: NNAL, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; NNN, N′-nitrosonornicotine, ND, not detected; LOQ, limit of quantitation; N/A, not applicable.
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