Table 1 Changes and connections of the muscle layers between the pyloric canal (PC) and duodenum.

From: The three muscle layers in the pyloric sphincter and their possible function during antropyloroduodenal motility

  1. The PC has two muscle layers: the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle bundles. The pyloric sphincter (PS) has three muscle layers: inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal bundles. The duodenum has two muscle layers: inner circular and outer longitudinal bundles. Some of the outer longitudinal bundles of the PS were connected to the middle circular bundles of the PS. The inner longitudinal bundles of the PS were connected to the circular bundles of the duodenum. Red lines indicate connections between the longitudinal and circular bundles. Black lines indicate continuous longitudinal or circular fibers between the PC and the PS and between the PS and duodenum.
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