Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of PLWH in the NHS and AFRICOS.

Median age (years)^a (IQR)

34.2 (28.6, 40.2)

37.1 (31.9,42.5)

33.9(28.3, 40.0)

< 0.001

37.2 (31.0, 44.2)

40.0 (34.2, 47.1)

36.3 (30.3,42.9)

< 0.001

Females (%)

6.8

6.7

6.9

0.95

57.0

38.2

63.5

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²) (%)^a

0.21

0.052

Underweight (≤ 18.5)

0.7

1.6

0.6

9.4

12.2

8.4

Overweight (> 25)

58.1

52.3

58.8

28.0

23.2

29.6

History of smoking (%)^{a b}

19.7

22.3

19.4

0.44

2.0

4.3

2.7

0.21

History of alcohol use (%)^{a b}

15.4

15.0

15.5

0.55

15.0

19.29

13.44

0.024

Hypertension (%)^c

19.7

29.5

18.5

< 0.001

13.8

12.6

14.1

0.54

Diabetes (%)^c

4.3

11.4

3.5

< 0.001

11.5

12.6

11.1

0.52

Depression (%)^c

20

27.5

19.1

0.0062

17.9

18.1

17.8

0.92

Chronic HBV (%)^c

5.8

2.6

< 0.001

4.0

3.4

4.5

0.49

Chronic HCV (%)^c

4.2

6.7

3.9

0.15

1.3

1.7

1.1

0.51

AIDS event (%)^c

11.3

35.2

8.4

< 0.001

16.5

20.9

15.1

0.033

ART adherence < 95% (%)^b

26.6

33.3

25.8

0.027

10.1

10.2

10.0

0.92

Median CD4 nadir (cells/µl) (IQR)

302.0 (213.0, 400.0)

144.5 (54.0, 212.0)

318.5(239.5, 414.0)

< 0.001

190.0 (91.0, 279.0)

103.5 (50.0, 184.0)

219.5 (118.0, 315.0)

< 0.001

Median viral load^a (log₁₀ copies/ml) (IQR)

4.5 (3.8, 5.0)

4.6 (3.8, 5.2)

4.5 (3.8, 4.9)

0.012

7.79 (3.04, 11.6)

5.99 (3.69, 11.9)

7.80 (5.0, 11.6)

0.70

ART regimen at time of VS (%)

0.078

0.67

NNRTI

39.9

27.5

41.4

79.3

78.0

79.8

Protease Inhibitor (PI)

20.7

19.2

20.9

5.4

5.9

5.2

Boosted PI

15.8

22.8

14.9

N/A

N/A

N/A

Integrase Inhibitor

3.6

2.1

3.8

N/A

N/A

N/A

Other

20.0

28.4

19.0

15.3

16.1

15.0

Median time to ART initiation (years) (IQR)

1.7 (0.2, 6.0)

4.7 (3.8, 5.2)

1.6 (0.2, 5.4)

< 0.001

0.4 (0.1, 2.0)

0.2 (0.1, 0.8)

0.5 (0.1, 2.3)

< 0.001

Median time from ART initiation to sustained VS (years) (IQR)

2.5 (2.3, 4.1)

3.2 (2.3, 8.4)

2.5 (2.3, 3.8)

< 0.001

4.8 (2.4, 7.2)

4.3 (2.3, 6.5)

5.0 (2.5, 7.6)

0.005

Race (%)

0.40

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Caucasian

43.0

47.2

42.6

African American

41.0

39.4

41.2

Other

16.0

13.5

16.0

Military rank (%)^a

< 0.001

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Officer/Warrant

10.3

6.7

10.7

Enlisted

63.6

54.4

64.7

Dependent

26.1

38.9

24.5

SNAE (%)^c

8.7

16.6

7.8

< 0.001

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Study site (%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

< 0.001

Uganda

23.6

22.4

24.0

Kenya (SRV)

41.9

50.8

38.8

Kenya (Kisumu)

18.3

11.0

20.9

Tanzania

7.6

11.4

6.3

Nigeria

8.5

4.3

10.0

≥ Secondary education (%)^a

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

36.9

24.8

27.6

0.37

Employed (%)^a

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

45.8

42.5

46.9

0.23

TB coinfection (%)^c

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

7.1

4.7

0.14