Table 4 Crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards model results for factors associated with incident SNAE in the NHS.

From: Clinical factors and outcomes associated with immune non-response among virally suppressed adults with HIV from Africa and the United States

Characteristic

Crude HRa (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted HRb (95% CI)

p value

Age at ART initiation (years)

1.07 (1.05, 1.08)

< 0.001

1.07 (1.05, 1.08)

< 0.001

History of smoking at ART initiation

 

0.054

 

0.14

Yes

1.70 (0.99, 2.91)

 

1.51 (0.88, 2.61)

 

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

BMI at ART initiation (kg/m2)

 

0.43

 

0.24

Overweight (> 25)

0.99 (0.74, 1.31)

 

0.93 (0.7, 1.25)

 

Underweight (≤ 18.5)

0.45 (0.06, 3.27)

 

0.31 (0.04, 2.21)

 

Normal (18.5–24.9)

Reference

 

Reference

 

History of “at risk drinking” at ART initiation

 

0.011

 

0.114

Yes

0.30 (0.12, 0.76)

 

0.31 (0.12, 0.79)

 

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

History of hypertension c

 

0.47

 

0.11

Yes

1.14 (0.8, 1.63)

 

0.72 (0.48, 1.08)

 

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

History of depression c

 

0.015

 

0.073

Yes

1.49 (1.08. 2.05)

 

1.34 (0.97, 1.85)

 

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

History of diabetes c

 

< 0.001

 

0.47

Yes

2.33 (1.44, 3.79)

 

1.22 (0.72, 2.07)

 

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

Immune non-response

 

< 0.001

 

0.010

Yes

1.89 (1.32, 2.70)

 

1.61 (1.12, 2.33)

 

No

Reference

 

Reference

 
  1. aCrude HRs were calculated for factors with significant differences by SNAE status as per chi-squared and Wilcox–Mann–Whitney tests (p < 0.05).
  2. bFactors found to be significant in the crude analyses and known risk factors for SNAE (smoking, BMI, hypertension, depression, diabetes and alcohol use) (p < 0.05) were included in the adjusted model.
  3. cDefined as a diagnosis occurring before sustained VS was achieved.
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