Table 3 Disease assessment of sorghum seedlings infected with Fusarium solani in response to treating with lavender essential oil at different concentrations.

From: Essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia elicits expression of three SbWRKY transcription factors and defense-related genes against sorghum damping-off

Treatment**

Seedling mortality (%)

Survival plants (%)

Seed rot

Pre-emergence damping-off

Post-emergence damping-off

C

3.0 ± 0.4bc

3.7 ± 0.6d

0.7 ± 0.05c

92.6 ± 2.1c

P

14.7 ± 1.2a

55.0 ± 4.8a

22.3 ± 3.3a

8.0 ± 1.0f

P + F

2.7 ± 0.3c

8.0 ± 0.9c

7.3 ± 1.3b

82.0 ± 1.7d

EO1.0

2.7 ± 0.5c

1.3 ± 0.3de

0.0c

96.0 ± 2.3b

EO1.25

0.7 ± 0.03d

0.0e

0.0c

99.3 ± 0.1a

EO1.5

0.0d

0.0e

0.0c

100 ± 0.0a

P + EO1.0

4.7 ± 0.5b

13.0 ± 1.7b

10.0 ± 1.5b

72.3 ± 1.1e

P + EO1.25

3.3 ± 0.6bc

9.0 ± 1.3c

8.3 ± 0.9b

79.4 ± 2.3d

P + EO1.5

3.0 ± 0.3bc

7.7 ± 1.1c

7.0 ± 0.6b

82.3 ± 3.8d

  1. Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05), each value represents the mean of 3 replicates ± SD.
  2. **C: untreated control, P: infected with F. solani, P + F: infected with F. solani and treated with chemical fungicide (Rhizolex-T), EO1.0, EO1.25, EO1.5: treated with lavender EO at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5% respectively, P + EO1.0, P + EO1.25, and P + EO1.5: infected with F. solani and treated with lavender EO at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5%, respectively.