Table 5 Activities of antioxidant enzymes in sorghum plants infected with Fusarium solani in response to treatment with lavender essential oil at different concentrations.

From: Essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia elicits expression of three SbWRKY transcription factors and defense-related genes against sorghum damping-off

Treatment**

CAT (U min−1 mg−1 protein)

APX (U min−1 mg−1 protein)

SOD (U min−1 mg−1 protein)

PPO (U min−1 mg−1 protein)

30 dap

45 dap

30 dap

45 dap

30 dap

45 dap

30 dap

45 dap

C

47.6 ± 1.7f

46.5 ± 2.1g

12.7 ± 2.9e

14.3 ± 0.9g

36.3 ± 1.5e

35.7 ± 2.1g

8.5 ± 0.4f

11.1 ± 0.7e

P

56.2 ± 2.9d

53.7 ± 3.1c

23.7 ± 2.1b

24.0 ± 1.1c

56.1 ± 2.9b

47.6 ± 2.0d

18.5 ± 1.2b

20.4 ± 1.0a

P + F

56.4 ± 1.3d

51.3 ± 1.9d

23.6 ± 2.2b

23.4 ± 1.9 cd

55.6 ± 3.8c

46.1 ± 1.7e

17.8 ± 1.0c

18.2 ± 0.4b

EO1.0

48.1 ± 2.5e

47.2 ± 1.4f

18.2 ± 1.6d

19.2 ± 2.0f

36.5 ± 2.2e

35.8 ± 2.0g

9.3 ± 0.3e

10.8 ± 0.5e

EO1.25

48.6 ± 1.7e

47.3 ± 2.5f

19.3 ± 1.4c

21.5 ± 5.1e

37.6 ± 1.7d

36.7 ± 1.3 fg

10.2 ± 0.4d

12.1 ± 0.8d

EO1.5

48.7 ± 1.9e

48.2 ± 1.1e

19.5 ± 1.3c

21.9 ± 1.3e

38.1 ± 1.2 cd

37.5 ± 2.6f

10.4 ± 0.5d

13.3 ± 0.9c

P + EO1.0

59.7 ± 1.9c

53.7 ± 2.5c

23.3 ± 2.5b

26.6 ± 2.2b

56.2 ± 1.5b

48.1 ± 1.3c

17.9 ± 0.8c

18.8 ± 1.3b

P + EO1.25

61.2 ± 2.2b

54.6 ± 2.6b

23.6 ± 2.1b

26.2 ± 1.7b

58.3 ± 1.1a

49.4 ± 1.2b

19.5 ± 0.5a

20.4 ± 1.1a

P + EO1.5

65.3 ± 2.7a

60.2 ± 2.4a

25.2 ± 1.9a

27.8 ± 1.2a

58.7 ± 2.2a

50.8 ± 1.1a

19.7 ± 0.3a

20.9 ± 1.6a

  1. Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05), each value represents the mean of 3 replicates ± SD.
  2. **C: untreated control, P: infected with F. solani, P + F: infected with F. solani and treated with chemical fungicide (Rhizolex-T), EO1.0, EO1.25, EO1.5: treated with lavender EO at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5% respectively, P + EO1.0, P + EO1.25, and P + EO1.5: infected with F. solani and treated with lavender EO at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5%, respectively. CAT: catalase enzyme, APX: ascorbate peroxidase enzyme, SOD: superoxide dismutase enzyme, PPO: polyphenol oxidase enzyme, and dap: days after planting.