Table 6 Lipid peroxidation, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in sorghum plants infected with Fusarium solani in response to treatment with lavender essential oil at different concentrations.

Treatment**	MDA (nmol g⁻¹ dry wt)		TPC (mg catechol 100 g⁻¹ dry wt)		TFC (mg rutin 100 g⁻¹ dry wt)
Treatment**	30 dap	45 dap	30 dap	45 dap	30 dap	45 dap
C	11.7 ± 0.6^g	9.1 ± 0.9^f	76.2 ± 1.4^h	98.2 ± 1.4^g	38.2 ± 1.5^h	49.2 ± 1.1^g
P	43.5 ± 1.7^a	42.4 ± 2.1^a	219.4 ± 3.1^c	232.4 ± 2.1^c	191.3 ± 2.3^e	211.3 ± 2.6^d
P + F	18.7 ± 0.3^c	17.8 ± 1.1^c	167.4 ± 1.2^d	188.3 ± 3.9^d	200.4 ± 1.8^d	213.4 ± 1.4^d
EO_1.0	11.3 ± 1.5^g	9.7 ± 1.4^f	116.4 ± 2.5^f	137.5 ± 2.0^f	76.3 ± 1.2^g	81.8 ± 1.8^f
EO_1.25	11.4 ± 0.9^g	9.9 ± 1.8^f	118.3 ± 1.4^f	142.3 ± 3.7^e	78.8 ± 2.4^g	83.6 ± 2.2^f
EO_1.5	10.3 ± 0.8^h	9.1 ± 1.1^f	122.6 ± 3.2^e	144.2 ± 1.8^e	91.6 ± 2.0^f	102.3 ± 2.0^e
P + EO_1.0	22.8 ± 1.1^b	19.3 ± 0.5^b	233.2 ± 2.5^b	245.4 ± 3.4^b	212.6 ± 3.1^c	222.3 ± 1.3^c
P + EO_1.25	17.4 ± 0.7^d	15.2 ± 0.7^d	238.0 ± 1.1^b	244.4 ± 1.7^b	222.8 ± 2.0^b	235.4 ± 2.7^b
P + EO_1.5	16.2 ± 1.1^e	14.9 ± 0.4^d	246.6 ± 3.4^a	250.6 ± 2.2^a	235.4 ± 3.2^a	249.1 ± 1.8^a

Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05), each value represents the mean of 3 replicates ± SD.
**MDA: malondialdehyde, TPC: total phenolic content, TFC: Total flavonoid content, C: untreated control, P: infected with F. solani, P + F: infected with F. solani and treated with chemical fungicide (Rhizolex-T), EO_1.0, EO_1.25, EO_1.5: treated with lavender EO at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5% respectively, P + EO_1.0, P + EO_1.25, P + EO_1.5: infected with F. solani and treated with lavender EO at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5%, respectively, and dap: days after planting.

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