Table 5 Performance comparison among prediction models.

From: Proposing a hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm and machine learning model for energy use forecast in non-residential buildings

Case

Accuracy

WIO-SVR

SVR

RF

M5P

REPTree

Case 1

RMSE (kWh)

2.49

9.52

21.02

33.51

52.35

MAE (kWh)

6.25

7.36

14.83

23.76

37.35

MAPE (%)

6.96

9.99

14.46

24.19

33.21

R

0.98

0.99

0.97

0.76

0.91

Case 2

RMSE (kWh)

1.35

5.57

8.36

11.05

28.43

MAE (kWh)

1.85

3.98

6.50

8.49

8.60

MAPE (%)

6.89

16.57

25.78

33.19

12.46

R

0.95

0.88

0.91

0.62

0.38

Case 3

RMSE (kWh)

0.31

0.31

0.36

0.46

1.21

MAE (kWh)

0.10

0.19

0.25

0.36

0.70

MAPE (%)

28.70

57.98

143.96

127.82

304.43

R

0.78

0.56

0.40

0.36

0.16

Case 4

RMSE (kWh)

1.05

2.08

3.10

3.51

6.72

MAE (kWh)

1.13

1.47

2.04

2.58

4.23

MAPE (%)

16.86

21.83

25.75

40.25

46.63

R

0.91

0.90

0.92

0.77

0.88

Case 5

RMSE (kWh)

2.18

18.85

50.47

47.57

31.32

MAE (kWh)

4.85

12.02

31.77

27.18

20.31

MAPE (%)

10.87

24.83

67.22

58.59

49.00

R

0.89

0.84

0.84

0.67

0.78

Case 6

RMSE (kWh)

2.06

2.42

4.65

4.18

5.89

MAE (kWh)

4.41

1.65

3.01

2.59

3.96

MAPE (%)

12.04

28.28

59.01

48.95

83.55

R

0.85

0.74

0.66

0.62

0.59

Case 7

RMSE (kWh)

1.00

1.59

1.47

1.77

3.63

MAE (kWh)

1.00

1.28

1.06

1.35

2.98

MAPE (%)

20.40

40.10

25.42

39.90

143.88

R

0.90

0.91

0.92

0.89

0.55

Case 8

RMSE (kWh)

3.14

24.99

35.52

24.48

47.49

MAE (kWh)

9.91

17.53

25.89

17.21

33.82

MAPE (%)

32.10

48.01

67.35

51.23

80.77

R

0.92

0.94

0.92

0.87

0.92

Case 9

RMSE (kWh)

3.52

28.87

28.24

35.95

43.18

MAE (kWh)

12.44

17.66

18.15

24.32

27.99

MAPE (%)

13.26

17.68

18.84

25.37

35.26

R

0.91

0.80

0.84

0.68

0.71

Case 10

RMSE (kWh)

0.90

1.48

5.53

3.83

7.03

MAE (kWh)

0.89

0.95

3.91

2.65

4.42

MAPE (%)

15.18

18.43

71.49

43.76

62.80

R

0.83

0.91

0.88

0.88

0.94

Case 11

RMSE (kWh)

3.63

19.36

17.43

21.78

36.77

MAE (kWh)

13.20

14.38

14.40

17.13

30.68

MAPE (%)

9.77

9.55

11.89

12.88

27.07

R

0.92

0.92

0.95

0.88

0.68

Case 12

RMSE (kWh)

2.63

16.42

19.12

24.73

53.22

MAE (kWh)

7.01

12.13

14.12

19.89

38.21

MAPE (%)

12.88

21.04

25.22

37.36

64.93

R

0.92

0.91

0.91

0.88

0.80

Back to article page