Table 1 Characteristics of the sample.
Mean (SD) or N (%) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Term birth (N = 3033) | Preterm birth (N = 125) | ||
Child characteristics | |||
Child sex | |||
Boy | 1552 (51.2%) | 77 (61.6%) | 0.02 |
Girl | 1481 (48.8%) | 48 (38.4%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Gestational age at birth, weeks | 40.0 (1.1) | 35.0 (2.1) | < 0.0001 |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Follow-up length years (Median, IRQ) | 9.7 (9.5–10.7) | 9.7 (9.6–10.9) | 0.65 |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Mental and behavioral disorder diagnosis | 0.02 | ||
No | 2720 (89.7%) | 104 (82.2%) | |
Yes | 313 (10.3%) | 21 (16.8%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Maternal characteristics | |||
Maternal age at delivery, years | 31.8 (4.7) | 31.7 (4.8) | 0.87 |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Education level | 0.81 | ||
Upper secondary or less | 1226 (40.5%) | 52 (41.6%) | |
Tertiary | 1801 (59.5%) | 73 (58.4%) | |
Data not available | 6 (0.2%) | 0 | |
Smoking or alcohol use at any point during pregnancy | 0.81 | ||
No | 2347(77.4%) | 99 (79.2%) | |
Yes | 648 (22.6%) | 24 (20.8%) | |
Data not available | 38 (1.3%) | 2 (1.6%) | |
Preeclampsia (O11, O14, O15) | < 0.0001 | ||
No | 2939 (96.8%) | 94 (77.7%) | |
Yes | 98 (3.2%) | 27 (22.3%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Chorioamniotitis (O41.1) | 0.10 | ||
No | 3018 (99.5%) | 123 (98.4%) | |
Yes | 15 (0.5%) | 2 (1.6%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Placenta previa (O44) | 0.10 | ||
No | 3016 (99.8%) | 121 (99.2%) | |
Yes | 5 (0.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Data not available | 12 (0.4%) | 3 (2.4%) | |
Premature rupture of membranes (O42) | < 0.0001 | ||
No | 2941 (97.0%) | 92 (73.6%) | |
Yes | 92 (3.0%) | 33 (26.4%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Mode of delivery | < 0.0001 | ||
Vaginal | 2532(83.8%) | 76 (61.3%) | |
Caesarean section | 490 (16.2%) | 48 (38.7%) | |
Elective Caesarean section | 192 (6.4%) | 13 (10.5%) | |
Urgent or emergency Caesarean section | 298 (9.9%) | 35 (28.2%) | |
Data not available | 11 (0.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Antenatal depressive symptoms 6–8 weeks before delivery (continuous CES-D score) | 11.8 (7.2) | 13.3 (8.4) | 0.02 |
Data not available | 130 (4.3%) | 5 (4.0%) | |
Antenatal probable clinical depression 6–8 weeks before delivery (CES-D ≥ 16) | 0.04 | ||
No | 2182 (75.2%) | 80 (66.7%) | |
Yes | 721 (24.8%) | 40 (32.3%) | |
Data not available | 1407 (32.2%) | 65 (34.4%) | |
Postpartum depressive symptoms up to 12 months after childbirth (continuous CES-D score) | 10.2 (7.0) | 11.7 (7.2) | 0.02 |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Postpartum probable clinical depression up to 12 months after childbirth (CES-D ≥ 16) | 0.34 | ||
No | 2458 (81.0%) | 97 (77.6%) | |
Yes | 575 (19.0%) | 28 (22.4%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
Mood disorder diagnoses before childbirth | 0.88 | ||
No | 2896 (95.5%) | 119 (95.2%) | |
Yes | 137 (4.5%) | 6 (4.8%) | |
Data not available | 0 | 0 | |
