Table 3 Associations between preterm birth and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms (PPD) with mental and behavioral disorders in children in a follow-up to 8.4–12.8 years of age.

From: Maternal postpartum depressive symptoms partially mediate the association between preterm birth and mental and behavioral disorders in children

 

Mental and behavioral disorders in children

Hazard Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

P

Preterm versus term birth

 Model 1

1.61

1.04, 2.51

0.03

 Model 2

1.57

1.00, 2.45

0.05

Maternal PPD symptoms (continuous CES-D score) (SD units)

 Model 1

1.26

1.14, 1.41

 < 0.0001

 Model 2

1.24

1.12, 1.38

 < 0.0001

Maternal probable clinical PPD (CES-D ≥ 16 versus CES-D < 16)

 Model 1

1.51

1.18, 1.93

0.0009

 Model 2

1.47

1.15, 1.88

0.002

  1. Model 1 is unadjusted; Model 2 is adjusted for maternal age at delivery, education, smoking and/or alcohol use at any time during pregnancy, delivery mode and child sex. CES-D refers for Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale.
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