Figure 1

(a) Map of the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait (NEC stands for North Equatorial Current). (b) Sketch of the three types of Kuroshio intrusion, from top to bottom: looping, leaping and leaking path. (c) Sketch of the different states of the GoM Loop Current. Panels (a,b) are adapted from⁵, panel (c) is adapted from⁶.