Table 1 Sleep health dimensions to construct two sleep health composites.

Regularity^8,37

Sleep Debt

Difference between workday sleep duration and non-workday sleep duration

− 13 to 12 min

0.58 (1.12)

Irregularity of Sleep Midpoint

Standard deviation (SD) of sleep midpoint

0 to 9.97 SDs

0.84 (0.83)

Satisfaction^8,25,44

Trouble Falling Asleep

Have trouble falling asleep

1: Sometimes, Often, or Almost Always; 0: Rarely or Never

Variables Summed: 0–4

1.84 (1.45)

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

During the past month, how would you rate your sleep quality overall?

0 (Very Good) to 3 (Very Bad)

1.01 (0.68)

Nocturnal Awakenings

Wake up during the night and have difficulty going back to sleep

Early Awakenings

Wake up too early in the morning and be unable to get back to sleep

Unrested Upon Waking

Feel unrested during the day, no matter how many hours of sleep you had

Alertness ³⁸

Nap Frequency

During a usual week, how many times do you nap for 5 min or more?

0 to 13 times

2.01 (2.52)

Alertness

(Diary)

“How alert were you today?”

1 (Most Alert)

to 5 (Not Alert at All)

2.04 (0.74)

Timing¹⁸

Not captured through survey

Sleep Midpoint

Midpoint from bedtime to waketime

− 4.05 to 14.21

3.00 (1.40)

Efficiency⁶

Sleep Onset Latency

How long does it usually take you to fall asleep at bedtime?

0 to 4 h

0.49 (0.55)

Sleep Efficiency*

% of Time Asleep Between Bedtime and Waketime

33.84 to 94.99%

79.54 (10.70)

Duration⁸

Workday Sleep Duration*

How much sleep do you usually get at night (or in your main sleep period) on weekdays or workdays?

0 to 13 h

6.90 (1.28)

Sleep Time*

Time in bed – Sleep onset latency –Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)

2.00 to 10.27 h

6.17 (1.11)