Figure 5
From: Inferring causal relations from observational long-term carbon and water fluxes records
Application of the RCCM to derive causal relations between variables accounting for photosynthesis (GPP), temperature (Tair) and soil moisture (SM). Reasonable spatial causal patterns are observed for SM and Tair on GPP; GPP drives Tair mostly in cold ecosystems (probably due to changes in land surface albedo such as snow/ice to vegetation changes); SM is mostly controlled by Tair, which partially drives evaporation in water-limited regions; and GPP dominates SM. The grey areas in the images correspond with crop land areas that have been deliberately masked to avoid confounding effects due to human intervention specially on soil moisture. The figure was generated using Matlab version R2018a (https://es.mathworks.com) and Powerpoint version 2016 (https://microsoft.com).
