Table 2 Polysomnographic findings and their comparisons among the groups.
Variables | NI (n = 1386) | INH (n = 401) | HNI (n = 133) | HI (n = 65) | ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistics | Significant difference after post-hoc analysis¶ | |||||
Sleep and wake time | ||||||
Time in bed, min | 434.2 ± 59.6 | 435.8 ± 60.3 | 429.9 ± 62.3 | 433.7 ± 70.3 | F = 0.32, p = 0.813 | |
Total sleep time, min | 364.7 ± 62.4 | 350.9 ± 68.5 | 357.7 ± 66.0 | 357.2 ± 66.4 | F = 5.01, p = 0.002 | NI vs. INH |
Sleep efficiency, % | 83.1 ± 9.7 | 79.5 ± 11.3 | 82.6 ± 9.6 | 81.3 ± 9.0 | F = 8.34, p < 0.001 | NI vs. INH INH vs. HNI |
WASO, min | 56.7 ± 42.5 | 68.4 ± 48.0 | 57.4 ± 39.6 | 60.6 ± 39.2 | F = 7.62, p < 0.001 | NI vs. INH INH vs. HNI |
REM sleep latency, min | 84.5 ± 54.1 | 92.4 ± 62.9 | 109.3 ± 73.6 | 116.3 ± 79.7 | F = 11.85, p < 0.001 | NI vs. INH NI vs. HNI NI vs. HI INH vs. HNI INH vs. HI |
Sleep stage, % | ||||||
N1 | 5.3 ± 3.8 | 5.2 ± 3.8 | 5.8 ± 4.2 | 5.2 ± 3.5 | F = 0.85, p = 0.467 | |
N2 | 56.7 ± 11.3 | 54.9 ± 12.1 | 55.8 ± 13.3 | 55.2 ± 12.2 | F = 2.71, p = 0.044 | NI vs. INH |
N3 | 17.8 ± 11.7 | 19.9 ± 12.5 | 18.5 ± 12.3 | 21.6 ± 12.5 | F = 2.71, p = 0.003 | NI vs. INH NI vs. HI |
R | 20.2 ± 6.1 | 20.0 ± 6.7 | 19.8 ± 7.3 | 18.0 ± 6.8 | F = 2.40, p = 0.066 | |
Respiration | ||||||
AHI, event per hour | 14.9 ± 15.1 | 14.2 ± 14.9 | 13.0 ± 15.8 | 10.6 ± 12.2 | F = 2.33, p = 0.073 | |
Arousal index | 19.4 ± 10.8 | 18.8 ± 11.0 | 19.4 ± 11.9 | 18.0 ± 8.8 | F = 0.52, p = 0.672 | |
