Table 1 Comparison of cognitive function, corneal nerve morphology, volumetric brain MRI and measures of peripheral neuropathy between subjects with schizophrenia and controls.

From: Abnormal corneal nerve morphology and brain volume in patients with schizophrenia

 

Controls (n = 26)

Schizophrenia (n = 36)

P value

T value

MoCA score

26.8 ± 2.8

24.2 ± 3.6

< 0.01

3.0

Corneal nerve morphology

CNFD (fibers/mm2)

37.3 ± 6.7

27.9 ± 9.1

< 0.0001

4.6

CNBD (branches/mm2)

87.6 ± 29.3

41.9 ± 28.9

< 0.0001

6.0

CNFL (mm/mm2)

24.6 ± 3.9

16.7 ± 5.4

< 0.0001

6.5

CNBD:CNFD ratio

2.4 ± 0.8

1.4 ± 0.7

< 0.0001

4.7

Volumetric analysis of brain MRI

Whole brain (ICV %)

76.5 ± 3.8

77.2 ± 2.3

0.61

–0.5

Cortical gray matter (ICV %)

34.2 ± 3.4

34.2 ± 1.7

0.99

–0.001

Ventricle (ICV %)

1.4 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 0.6

0.47

 –0.7

Cingulate gyrus (ICV %)

0.89 ± 0.08

0.83 ± 0.07

< 0.05

2.2

Hippocampus (ICV %)

0.54 ± 0.03

0.51 ± 0.05

0.10

1.7

Amygdala (ICV %)

0.24 ± 0.03

0.23 ± 0.03

0.68

0.4

Thalamus (ICV %)

0.92 ± 0.09

0.97 ± 0.08

0.20

 –1.3

Entorhinal cortex (ICV %)

0.33 ± 0.05

0.35 ± 0.06

0.26

 –1.2

Measures of peripheral neuropathy

VPT (V)

4.7 ± 2.9

5.9 ± 5.4

0.32

 –1.0

ESC feet (µS)

70.1 ± 12.7

62.9 ± 19.9

0.09

 1.7

  1. Numeric variables and frequency distribution for categorical variables are summarized as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Variables were compared using unpaired t-test. Categorical variables were compared using x2.
  2. MoCA montreal cognitive assessment, CNFD corneal nerve fiber density, CNFL length, CNBD branch density, VPT vibration perception threshold, ESC electrochemical skin conductance, ICV intra cranial volume.
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