Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics.

From: Preprocedural transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to identify stenosis associated with increased coronary flow after revascularisation

 

All patients (N = 50)

Significant increase group (N = 25)

Non-significant increase group (N = 25)

P-value

Age, years

71.0 (63.0–76.0)

71.0 (60.5–76.0)

72.0 (64.5–76.3)

0.528

Male, n (%)

39 (78)

20 (80)

19 (76)

0.732

Hypertension, n (%)

38 (76)

20 (80)

19 (76)

0.732

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

21 (42)

11 (44)

10 (40)

0.775

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

24 (48)

12 (48)

12 (48)

1.000

Smoking, n (%)

25 (50)

12 (48)

13 (52)

0.777

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

68.0 (52.5–77.2)

66.5 (52.4–79.5)

68.0 (47.3–77.2)

0.946

LDL-chol, mg/dl

77.5 (61.0–104.3)

73.0 (60.5–95.0)

83.0 (66.5–116.5)

0.277

NT-pro BNP, pg/ml

145.5 (67.8–479.8)

103.5 (50.8–395.3)

153.5 (117.3–637)

0.139

hs-TnI, ng/ml

0.008 (0.003–0.016)

0.008 (0.002–0.018)

0.009 (0.003–0.012)

0.761

HbA1c, %

6.2 (5.8–6.8)

6.2 (5.8–7.3)

6.0 (5.8–6.5)

0.330

Medication (admission)

Statin, n (%)

47 (94)

23 (92)

24 (96)

0.552

ACEi or ARB, n (%)

29 (58)

13 (52)

16 (64)

0.390

βblocker, n (%)

28 (56)

16 (64)

12 (48)

0.322

QCA analysis

QCA MLD

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.000

QCA RD

2.5 (2.2–3.0)

2.9 (2.4–3.5)

2.3 (2.1–2.7)

0.005

QCA %stenosis

56.4 (48.9–66.4)

57.8 (40.5–73.3)

55.6 (46.6–65.6)

0.089

QCA lesion length

22.4 (15.8–30.8)

25.8 (18.0–31.0)

20.0 (15.6–30.8)

0.172

Baseline physiological indices

FFR

0.71 (0.63–0.76)

0.65 (0.54–0.73)

0.73 (0.68–0.77)

0.005

CFR

1.96 (1.36–3.13)

1.67 (1.18–2.66)

2.57 (1.66–3.54)

0.029

CFVR

1.96 (1.61–2.32)

1.90 (1.33–2.18)

2.00 (1.72–2.46)

0.079

IMR

24.4 (17.6–33.8)

22.0 (17.6–36.9)

25.4 (16.4–32.1)

0.969

bTmn, s

0.92 (0.66–1.45)

0.81 (0.58–1.48)

0.95 (0.68–1.44)

0.652

hTmn, s

0.45 (0.30–0.65)

0.53 (0.28–0.90)

0.43 (0.29–0.55)

0.099

bDPV, cm/s

28.5 (19.0–36.3)

29.0 (18.0–32.0)

28.0 (23.5–38.0)

0.164

hDPV, cm/s

53.0 (39.8–69.8)

46.0 (28.5–57.0)

67.0 (50.0–73.5)

0.001

bDMV, cm/s

20.0 (15.0–27.3)

19.0 (14.0–25.0)

21.0 (16.5–28.0)

0.203

hDMV, cm/s

41.0 (21.1–51.8)

37.0 (22.0–44.0)

47.0 (36.0–59.5)

0.004

bVTI, cm

10.4 (9.0–15.9)

10.5 (9.34–17.9)

9.8 (8.3–15.6)

0.882

hVTI, cm

19.2 (13.5–25.3)

16.6 (11.4–23.8)

21.7 (15.4–29.1)

0.073

Baseline echocardiography parameters

LVDd, mm

46.0 (41.3–51.0)

46.0 (42.5–51.0)

45.0 (41.0–51.0)

0.702

VS, mm

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

11.0 (9.0–13.0)

0.899

PW, mm

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

11.0 (10.0–13.0)

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

0.549

LVEF, %

64.5 (60.0–68.3)

65.0 (63.0 -70.0)

62.0 (58.0–68.0)

0.120

E/A ratio

0.8 (0.6–0.9)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

0.359

E/average e’

11.0 (9.0–15.8)

11.0 (8.0–12.5)

12.0 (9.0–18.0)

0.125

Post-PCI physiological indices

FFR

0.85 (0.82–0.87)

0.84 (0.81–0.87)

0.85 (0.83–0.88)

0.212

CFR

2.71 (2.00–3.75)

2.89 (1.69–4.21)

2.60 (2.05–3.66)

0.323

CFVR

2.57 (2.14–3.30)

2.92 (2.42–3.49)

2.37 (1.84–2.78)

0.012

IMR

19.22 (15.13–23.96)

19.44 (11.80–23.07)

19.00 (16.38–31.17)

0.101

bTmn, s

0.86 (0.50–1.38)

0.80 (0.38–1.20)

0.92 (0.58–1.45)

0.261

hTmn, s

0.29 (0.22–0.38)

0.30 (0.18–0.37)

0.28 (0.24–0.49)

0.123

bDPV, cm/s

30.0 (23.8–35.0)

30.0 (22.5–34.5)

30.0 (23.5–35.0)

0.962

hDPV, cm/s

76.0 (55.8–96.3)

87.0 (72.0–104.0)

61.0 (47.5–77.0)

0.001

bDMV, cm/s

22.0 (17.0–26.0)

22.0 (16.0–25.0)

22.0 (17.5–26.5)

0.884

hDMV, cm/s

57.0 (38.0–70.3)

62.0 (52.0–80.0)

45.0 (35.5–63.5)

0.005

bVTI, cm

10.7 (7.5–13.5)

11.9 (9.1–15.7)

9.2 (7.0–11.9)

0.020

hVTI, cm

25.2 (17.2–34.4)

31.1 (24.4–40.3)

19.9 (12.9–25.2)

 < 0.001

Post-PCI echocardiography parameters

LVDd, mm

46.0 (42.0–50.0)

47.0 (43.5–50.5)

45.0 (42.0–49.0)

0.549

VS, mm

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

11.0 (9.0–12.0)

0.657

PW, mm

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

11.0 (10.0–13.0)

10.0 (10.0–12.0)

0.398

LVEF, %

65.0 (62.0–69.0)

65.0 (63.0 -71.5)

64.5 (60.0–68.0)

0.133

E/A ratio

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

0.398

E/average e’

11.0 (9.0–15.0)

11.0 (9.0–12.0)

12.0 (10.0–20.0)

0.132

  1. Data are presented as n (%), mean SD, or median (interquartile range).
  2. A peak inflow velocity during late diastole, ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, averaged e′, average of septal e′ and lateral e′, b basal, CFR coronary flow reserve, CFVR coronary flow velocity reserve, CRP C-reactive protein, DMV diastolic mean velocity, E peak inflow velocity during early diastole, e′ mitral annular velocity during early diastole on the septal or lateral side, h hyperemic, DPV diastolic peak velocity, DS diameter stenosis, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FFR fractional flow reserve, h hyperemic, HDL high-density lipoprotein, hs-TnI high sense troponin I, IMR index of microcirculatory resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LV left ventricular, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MLD minimum lumen diameter, %stenosis percent diameter stenosis, QCA quantitative coronary angiography, RD reference lumen diameter, Tmn transit time, VS ventricular septal thickness, VTI velocity–time integral, PW posterior wall thickness.
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