Table 1 Linear mixed-effects model of the effect of canopy openness on observed community fruit body traits.

	Size (OBS/SES)	Lightness (OBS/SES)	Toughness (OBS/SES)
Intercept	7.41***/− 1.66	− 25.36***/1.16	6.33/− 4.39**
Canopy openness—open	5.79*/6.45*	− 0.92/− 0.54	10.22*/13.21*
Tree species	− 1.70/− 3.55***	− 0.78/− 1.10	1.60/− 1.25
Size		6.16*/6.09*	0.04/− 0.83
Lightness	6.11*/6.03*		1.06/1.34
Toughness	0.04/− 0.83	0.85/1.13
R²	0.19/0.25	0.15/0.19	0.35/0.34
Basidiomycota–Canopy–Open	3.35*/2.75	1.35/2.81**	7.94*/9.83*
Basidiomycota–Beech–Canopy–Open	− 1.26/− 2.17*	2.27/5.17**	2.46/3.34**
Basidiomycota–Fir–Canopy–Open	5.57*/5.51*	− 0.04/− 0.27	8.38*/10.10*
Ascomycota–Canopy–Open	− 4.62/− 4.80**	− 1.70/− 1.77	5.92*/6.52*
Ascomycota–Beech–Canopy–Open	− 3.67/− 3.48**	− 0.90/− 0.98	4.53*/5.72*
Ascomycota–Fir–Canopy–Open	− 3.36/− 3.68**	− 1.59/− 1.61	4.40/4.09*

We first tested the effect of the main predictor, canopy openness, on the full community. We then tested the interaction between lineages and canopy; and between lineages, tree species, and canopy. Effect sizes (z values) are displayed for the linear mixed models with a random effect ‘plot in block’. On the left side of each column, the effects of the observed community trait are shown. On the right, the effects for the standardized community trait are based on a null model. Significances are indicated by asterisks, where ‘*’ corresponds to p < 0.05, ‘**’ to p < 0.01 and ‘***’ to p < 0.001. Significant effects were highlighted in bold if both the observed community mean and the standardized effect size (SES) of the community traits were significant. The coefficient of determination is given as marginal R².

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