Table 1 Summary of the baseline characteristics and outcomes in each included study.
Study | Country | Database | Study period | Type of study | Patient sample size | Females | No. of exposed | No. of current use | No. of past use | No. of high dose | No. of low dose | No. of non-exposed | Definition of exposed | Definition of high dose exposure | Definition of low dose exposure | Exposed with meningioma | Exposed with meningioma requiring neurosurgery/radiotherapy | High dose exposure and meningioma | Low dose exposure and meningioma | Non-exposed with meningioma | Location of CPA-associated meningioma breakdown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cea-Soriano40 | UK | The Health Improvement Network (THIN) UK primary care database | Jan 1996 to June 2008 | Retrospective case–control study | 10,745 | 7896 | 72 | 26 | 46 | 16 | 56 | 10,673 | For females: all had ≥ 2 mg/day CPA in combination with estrogens; For males: all had ≥ 50 mg/day + recorded diagnosis of prostate cancer Exposure to drugs was classified as: (1) ‘current use’, where the most recent prescription lasted until the index date or ended in the year before the index date; (2) ‘past use’, when the most recent use was more than 1 year before the index date; and (3) ‘non-use’, when there was no recorded use of the drug at any point before the index date | Daily dose 50 mg or higher | All daily doses < 50 mg | 8 | NA | 4 | 4 | 737 | NA |
Gil45 | Spain | Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP) database | Jan 1, 2001 to Dec 31, 2007 | Retrospective cohort study | 2,137,191 | NA | 24,712 | NA | NA | 2474 | 22,238 | 2,112,479 | All patients receiving at least one high dose (50 mg) CPA prescription during their follow-up | Daily dose 50 mg or higher | All daily doses < 50 mg | 4 | NA | 4 | 0 | 452 | NA |
Mikkelsen46 | Denmark | Danish prescription register; National patient register, Cancer register | 1997 to 2019 | Retrospective cohort study | 5,730,635 | NA | 1982 | NA | NA | 781 | 1201 | 5,728,653 | Cumulative dose of CPA was summed during the follow-up and recipients were categorised into three exposure groups: no CPA, 0.1–10 g of CPA (obtained after the first prescription of CPA), > 10 g of CPA | > 10 g at end of follow-up | < 0.1–10 g at end of follow-up | 16 | NA | 10 | 6 | 8940 | NA |
Weill37 | France | French administrative health care database (SNDS) | 2007 to 2014 | Retrospective cohort study | 253,777 | 253,777 | 139,222 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1,145,555 | Cumulative dose was greater than or equal to 3 g (at least three standard packs of 20, 50 mg tablets) within the first 6 months of this first prescription | NA | NA | 69 | NA | NA | NA | 20 | Anterior skull base, n = 190 (36.8%) Middle skull base, n = 130 (25.2%) Posterior skull base, n = 20 (3.9%) Convexity, not involving dural venous sinuses, n = 107 (20.7%) Convexity, involving dural venous sinuses, n = 19 (3.7%) Falx and tentorium, n = 29 (5.6%) |
