Figure 1

Study protocols for exercise, rest interval, recovery and measurements in five trials: non-exercise control trial (CON), high-volume continuous exercise trial (CE, one 30-min bout), low-volume intermittent exercise of long bouts with long interval (ILL, two 10-min bouts separated by 20-min interval), intermittent exercise of long bouts with short interval (ILS, two 10-min bouts separated by 5-min interval), and intermittent exercise of short bouts with short interval (ISS, four 5-min bouts separated by 5-min intervals). Time points of measurements were baseline (BL), immediately (0 min), and 40 min after exercise in CE, ILL, ILS and ISS trials.