Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Thoracolumbar epidural stimulation effects on bladder and bowel function in uninjured and chronic transected anesthetized rats

Figure 2

Summary heat maps (headings a-d) showing Voided Volume (VV), with (left column, Stim ON) and without (right column, Stim Off) scES at T13/L1. The heat map is colored so that volume is represented by either hot (orange, red) or cold (blue) colors based on high or low volume voided, respectively. The number of animals included in these data were as follows: IF, n = 7; STxF, n = 8; IM, n = 12; STxM, n = 9. Statistical notation for between group differences: (a) IF > STxF; (b) STxF > IF; (c) IM > STxM; (d) STxM > IM; (e) IF > IM; (f) IM > IF; (g) STxF > STxM; (h) STxM > STxF. Statistical notation for within group differences: (i) On > Off; (j) Off > On; (k) > Q1; (l) > Q2; (m) > Q3; (n) > Q4. Overall, the female groups (IF and STxF) had greater VV than male groups in both stimulation conditions (e,g). Within the IF group (top row), high intensity stimulation (Q3, Q4) caused a significant reduction in VV (j, left pane, blue section) with a compensatory void afterward (right pane, dark red in Q3, Q4). The opposite response occurred in the STxF group with Q3 stimulation causing increased VV with a short-latency void (second row, left pane, red section). This quadrant was significantly greater than IF (b), than STxM (g), and than Stim Off (i). A similar, but non-significant pattern was observed in males (IM and STxM) which is interpreted in the discussion.

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