Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Thoracolumbar epidural stimulation effects on bladder and bowel function in uninjured and chronic transected anesthetized rats

Figure 4

External urethral sphincter electromyography responses to T13/L2 scES. Mean activity time (a), mean bursting duration (b), mean bursting frequency (c), and mean ratio of bursting to tonic activity time (d) data are presented. The y-axis of (b) is truncated to better show the statistical differences. Group numbers were as follows: Mean activity time (IF n = 7; STxF n = 8; IM n = 12); mean bursting time, mean bursting frequency, and ratio of tonic to bursting activity (IF n = 7; IM n = 12). Statistical notation: Ø = within group difference, * = within On vs. Off difference, ** = between group difference intact vs transected, *** = between group difference male vs. female (within injury groups, I.e. intact male vs. Intact female). Error bars represent ± SEM.

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