Table 2 Patient characteristics, EMS time metrics, treatment, and outcomes in all AIS and MT groups.

From: Influence of hospital capabilities and prehospital time on outcomes of thrombectomy for stroke in Japan from 2013 to 2016

 

All AIS

p

MT group

p

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

(n = 53,858)

(n = 59,646)

(n = 1,461)

(n = 3,259)

Age (years), mean (SD)

75.7 (12.1)

76.0 (12.1)

 < .001

73.4 (11.3)

74.7 (11.6)

 < .001

Men, n (%)

30,850 (57.3)

34,163 (57.3)

0.989

839 (57.4)

1,839 (56.4)

0.522

JCS score at admission, n (%)

  

 < .001

  

0.010

Alert

18,726 (34.8)

21,070 (35.3)

 

92 (6.3)

282 (8.7)

 

Awake

24,137 (44.8)

26,988 (45.3)

 

633 (43.3)

1,450 (44.5)

 

Arousable

7,021 (13.0)

7,700 (12.9)

 

485 (33.2)

1,044 (32.0)

 

Unarousable

3,974 (7.3)

3,888 (6.5)

 

251 (17.2)

483 (14.8)

 

Baseline mRS, median, (min, max)

1 (0, 3)

0 (0, 2)

 < .001

0 (0, 2)

0 (0, 2)

0.552

Comorbidities

Hypertension, n (%)

32,355 (60.1)

37,437 (62.8)

 < .001

1,170 (80.1)

2,642 (81.1)

0.427

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

17,500 (32.5)

20,370 (34.2)

 < .001

364 (24.9)

939 (28.8)

0.006

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

11,474 (21.3)

12,885 (21.6)

0.222

326 (22.3)

698 (21.4)

0.490

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

13,746 (25.5)

16,439 (27.6)

 < .001

717 (49.1)

1,738 (53.3)

0.007

EMS time in min, median (IQR)

Response time

7 (6, 9)

7 (6, 10)

 < .001

7 (6, 9)

7 (6, 9)

0.168

On-scene time

13 (10, 18)

13 (10, 18)

 < .001

14 (10, 18)

13 (10, 17)

0.036

Transport time

10 (6, 16)

10 (7, 16)

 < .001

10 (6, 16)

10 (6, 16)

0.858

Total EMS response time

33 (26, 41)

33 (27, 42)

 < .001

33 (26, 41)

32 (26, 41)

0.404

Outcome (mRS score)

0

5,790 (10.8)

6,855 (11.5)

 < .001

87 (6.0)

296 (9.1)

 < .001

1

10,050 (18.7)

11,339 (19.0)

 

150 (10.3)

398 (12.2)

 

2

7,811 (14.5)

8,851 (14.8)

 

182 (12.5)

419 (12.9)

 

3

6,530 (12.1)

7,463 (12.5)

 

142 (9.7)

380 (11.7)

 

4

11,508 (21.4)

12,840 (21.5)

 

397 (27.2)

785 (24.1)

 

5

7,685 (14.3)

8,154 (13.7)

 

287 (19.6)

638 (20.0)

 

6

4,484 (8.3)

4,144 (6.9)

 

216 (14.8)

343 (10.5)

 

Treatment

rtPA administration

5,452 (10.1)

6,868 (11.5)

 < .001

782 (53.5)

1,763 (54.1)

0.716

MT

1,461 (2.7)

3,529 (5.5)

 < .001

1,461 (100)

3,529 (100)

 

Device, n (%)

Stent retriever

   

433 (29.6)

2,275 (69.8)

 < .001

Penumbra

   

1,079 (73.9)

2,124 (65.2)

 < .001

Merci

   

196 (13.4)

6 (0.2)

 < .001

Population density, person/km2

  

 < .001

  

0.101

 < 300

14,762 (27.9)

15,148 (25.7)

 

303 (20.7)

702 (21.6)

 

300–1000

15,489 (29.3)

18,020 (30.6)

 

409 (28.0)

988 (30.4)

 

 > 1000

22,685 (42.9)

15,761 (43.7)

 

748 (51.2)

1,556 (47.9)

 
  1. AIS acute ischemic stroke; EMS emergency medical service; IQR interquartile range; JCS Japan Coma Scale; mRS modified Rankin Scale; MT mechanical thrombectomy; rt-PA intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator infusion; SD standard deviation.
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