Table 3 Complications among chronic kidney disease groups during hospitalization for COVID-19.

From: Mortality and readmission rates among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with varying stages of chronic kidney disease: a multicenter retrospective cohort

 

No CKD

CKD stage 2

CKD stage 3a

CKD stage 3b

CKD stage 4

CKD stage 5

Dialysis

Kidney transplantation

p value

n = 3762

n = 50

n = 75

n = 94

n = 49

n = 21

n = 43

n = 57

Infectious

Bacteremia (%)

190 (5.5)

7 (15.6)

5 (7.2)

2 (2.3)

2 (4.5)

2 (10.5)

3 (7.7)

5 (8.9)

0.076

Bacterial pneumonia (%)

428 (12.5)

6 (13.6)

7 (10.1)

9 (10.5)

4 (9.3)

7 (36.8)

6 (14.6)

7 (12.7)

0.117

Aspergillosis pneumonia (%)

81 (2.5)

3 (7.9)

4 (6.7)

1 (1.2)

2 (4.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.4)

3 (5.5)

0.107

Endocarditis/myocarditis/pericarditis (%)

16 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

0.501

Pulmonary

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (%)

507 (14.8)

5 (11.1)

10 (14.5)

5 (5.7)

7 (15.9)

2 (10.5)

3 (7.3)

3 (5.4)

0.107

Pneumothorax (%)

54 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.4)

0 (0.0)

0.623

Cardiac

Cardiac arrhythmia (%)

266 (7.7)

6 (13.6)

4 (5.8)

10 (11.5)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.4)

4 (7.1)

0.228

Cardiac ischaemia (%)

57 (1.7)

2 (4.4)

2 (2.9)

2 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (5.6)

1 (2.4)

1 (1.8)

0.633

Cardiac arrest (%)

812 (22.2)

12 (24.5)

20 (26.7)

16 (17.0)

6 (12.5)

4 (19.0)

7 (16.7)

15 (26.3)

0.484

Congestive heart failure (%)

94 (2.7)

3 (6.7)

1 (1.4)

5 (5.7)

5 (11.1)

2 (10.5)

2 (4.9)

1 (1.8)

0.004

General

Physical decline (%)

910 (27.3)

14 (32.6)

27 (39.1)

34 (40.0)

13 (31.7)

9 (47.4)

11 (26.8)

14 (25.0)

0.029

Cognitive decline (%)

232 (7.0)

8 (18.6)

8 (12.1)

18 (21.2)

7 (17.1)

1 (5.3)

7 (17.1)

4 (7.3)

 < 0.001

Delirium (%)

413 (12.1)

10 (22.7)

14 (20.9)

15 (17.6)

8 (19.5)

4 (20.0)

8 (19.5)

6 (10.7)

0.03

Anemia requiring transfusion (%)

166 (4.8)

3 (6.7)

6 (8.8)

4 (4.6)

6 (13.3)

4 (22.2)

5 (12.2)

4 (7.1)

0.001

Liver failure (%)

41 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.4)

2 (3.6)

0.608

Coagulation disorders

Deep venous thrombosis (%)

56 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

3 (5.3)

0.259

Pulmonary embolism (%)

147 (3.9)

1 (2.0)

3 (4.0)

1 (1.1)

1 (2.0)

1 (4.8)

1 (2.3)

3 (5.3)

0.83

Stroke (%)

64 (1.7)

1 (2.0)

6 (8.0)

3 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.004

Superficial thrombophlebitis (%)

20 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.955

  1. Significant values are in bold.
  2. Continuous data presented as median [interquartile range], categorical in numbers (%). Continuous variables were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, with pairwise Wilcoxon rank tests between No CKD and the corresponding CKD group (Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery rate adjusted) if overall significant. Significant pairs are denoted with “*”. For categorical data we used the Fisher exact test to compare group differences, with pairwise posthoc tests (BH adjusted) between No CKD and the corresponding CKD group if overall significant. All pairs differed significantly in eGFR, not denoted with capitals for readability.P is considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.
  3. CKD stage 2 = eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage 3a = eGFR 45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage 3b = eGFR 30–44 ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage 4 = eGFR 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage 5 = eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2. IQR interquartile range, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, DVT deep venous thrombosis.
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