Figure 2
From: Transmission electron microscopy study of suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia patients
Class 1 (hallmark) defects. (A) Outer dynein arm (ODA) defect: the absence of at least 7 out of 9 arms like this schematic cross-section in more than 50% of cilia. (B) ODA defect with inner dynein arm (IDA) defect which is defined as the absence of at least 5 out of 9 arms like here in more than 50% of cilia. (C) Microtubular disorganization (MTD) and IDA defect: the presence of IDA defect with disruption of 9 + 2 symmetry in more than 25% of cilia.
