Figure 2

Standardised effect sizes of mean pairwise differences between observed and null assemblages for each measure of acoustic similarity. PCA_X measures represent the Euclidean distances between calls from the first three principal components of a PCA on either all measured call parameters, spectral call parameters only, or temporal call parameters only. Spectral overlap is the proportion of overlap between species 90% frequency bandwidths. Dominant frequency distance is the difference between species dominant frequencies in log₁₀ Hz. Positive values indicate a trend towards acoustic niche partitioning, while negative values indicate a trend towards acoustic niche aggregation. Note The sign of values for spectral overlap have been reversed so that they are comparable with the other four acoustic similarity measures which are all based on distance. Figure generated using R version 3.6.1 (https://www.r-project.org/).