Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs capped by different marine algal extracts, (a) U. rigida, (b) C. myrica and (c) G. foliifera, against tested pathogenic microorganisms indicated by clear zone diameter (CZDa,b,c, mm) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC, µg ml−1).
From: Anticancer and antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized Red Sea marine algal silver nanoparticles
Treatments | CZD (mm) and MLC (μg ml−1) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foodborne pathogenic bacteria | Pathogenic moulds and fungi | |||||||||||||
B. cereus | E. coli | S. aureus | Cryptococcus neoforrmans | C. albicans | Trichosporon cataneum | T. mantigrophytes | ||||||||
CZD* | MLC | CZD* | MLC | CZD* | MLC | CZD* | MLC | CZD* | MLC | CZD* | MLC | CZD* | MLC | |
U. rigida | ||||||||||||||
1—AgNPs aqueous | 16 ± 1 | 64 | 12 ± 0.6 | 64 | 14 ± 1 | 64 | 11 ± 0 | 64 | 12 ± 0.6 | 64 | 29 ± 0.6 | 32 | 18 ± 0 | 32 |
2—Aqueous extract | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 18 ± 1 | – | 12 ± 0 | 1024 |
3—AgNPs Ethanol | 14 ± 1 | 64 | 19 ± 1 | 64 | 13 ± 1 | 64 | 11 ± 0 | 64 | 13 ± 0 | 64 | 30 ± 0 | 32 | 40 ± 0 | 32 |
4—Ethanolic extract | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 18 ± 1 | – | 11 ± 0 | 1024 |
5—Control | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | - |
C. myrica | ||||||||||||||
1—AgNPs aqueous | 19 ± 1 | 64 | 13 ± 1 | 64 | 17 ± 1 | 64 | 13 ± 0.6 | 64 | 0.0 | – | 19 ± 0.6 | 64 | 0.0 | - |
2—Aqueous extract | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | - |
3—AgNPs Ethanol | 17 ± 1 | 64 | 12 ± 0 | 64 | 15 ± 1 | 64 | 13 ± 0.6 | 64 | 15 ± 1 | 64 | 30 ± 0 | 32 | 30 ± 0 | 32 |
4—Ethanolic extract | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 16 ± 1 | 1024 | 0.0 | - |
5—Control | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0 ± 0 | – | 0.0 | - |
G. foliifera | ||||||||||||||
1—AgNPs aqueous | 14 ± 1.5 | 64 | 11 ± 0 | 64 | 18 ± 0.6 | 32 | 14 ± 0.6 | 64 | 13 ± 0 | 64 | 18 ± 0 | 64 | 0.0 | - |
2—Aqueous extract | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | - |
3—AgNPs Ethanol | 13 ± 1 | 64 | 14 ± 1 | 64 | 17 ± 0.6 | 32 | 13 ± 0.6 | 64 | 0.0 | – | 17 ± 0 | 64 | 23 ± 0 | 64 |
4—Ethanolic extract | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | - |
5—Control | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | – | 0.0 | - |
Antibiotics for comparison | ||||||||||||||
Fluconazole (100 μg ml−1) | Nd | nd | nd | nd | – nd | nd | 28 | nd | 30 | nd | 28 | nd | 35 | nd |
Chloramphenicol (30 µg ml−1) | 18 | nd | 20 | nd | 0.0 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Augmentin (30 µg ml−1) | 0.0 | nd | 17 | nd | 0.0 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Gentamycin (30 µg ml−1) | 19 | nd | 10 | nd | 18 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
