Table 1 Least square means and standard error of the mean (SEM) of main characteristics for each group.

From: Differences in the serum metabolome profile of dairy cows according to the BHB concentration revealed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR)

Parameters

G0

G1

G2

SEM

p value

BHB (mmol/L)

0.41c

0.61b

1.43a

0.14

 < 0.0001

NEFA (mEq/L)

0.23c

0.34b

0.62a

0.08

 < 0.01

Glucose (mg/dL)

59.50

63.00

56.50

3.01

NS

DIM (days)

25.80

21.40

21.30

3.44

NS

BCS

2.75

2.75

2.88

0.06

NS

Parity

2.67

2.80

3.00

0.53

NS

Milk yield (kg/day)

28.30

31.30

26.70

2.44

NS

  1. BHB β-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA nonesterified fatty acid, DIM days in milk, BCS body condition score, NS not significant.
  2. a-cMean values in the same row which differ significantly (p value < 0.05).
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