Figure 2

Genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction for (a) wood quality, (b) growth and insect resistance, and (c) only growth traits in conifers. GxE interaction was not presented separately for insect resistance because the sample size was too small to obtain meaningful statistical tests. For GxE, the values of type-B genetic correlations are shown, which are inversely correlated to the amplitude of GxE interaction. The symbol X represents the mean. The line in the box is the median. The box covers the first to the third quartiles. The dots are outliers, while the horizontal bars represent the minimum and the maximum values. Pedigree- and marker-based estimated GxE interactions are significantly different based on the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests, except for wood quality traits.