Figure 2
Testosterone levels affect sexual developmental markers. (A) Photographs show representative anogenital distances AGD (white arrows) observed in male, female, testosterone-treated females, and testosterone-insensitive male rats at P1, 15 and 35. Presence or absence of areolas are represented by black arrowheads. Vaginal opening (VO) is observed (white arrows) at P35. (B) PCR confirming the genotype of each animal (Tfm vs. wt alleles for androgen receptor (AR). (C) Presence of testes in testosterone-insensitive males despite the feminine external phenotype. (D) Bar graph shows significant differences in AGD length between sex groups (F: 1.98 ± 0.03 mm, n = 24 rats from 5 litters; M: 4.27 ± 0.05 mm, n = 25 rats from 5 litters; A: 3.79 ± 0.04 mm, n = 23 rats from 7 litters; TFM: 2.00 ± 0.03 mm, n = 17 rats from 6 litters; One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis, F × M, F × A TFM × M, TFM × A: p < 0.0001). Dots represent individual data points. F females, M males, A andro/testosterone-treated females, TFM testosterone-insensitive males. Graphs represent mean ± SEM.
