Table 3 Target protein and associated pathways.

From: A network pharmacology-based approach to explore mechanism of action of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment

Target protein (KO definition)

KEGG

hsa ID

Associated compound number

Associated pathway

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

(Cartwright blood group)a

43

27

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, cholinergic synapse

PLA2G1B

5319

14

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, metabolic pathways, RAS signaling pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction, pancreatic secretion, fat digestion and absorption

LPCAT1

79,888

6

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, metabolic pathways

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NTE5)

4907

5

Purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, metabolic pathways

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGF-2)a

2263

4

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, MAPK signaling pathway, RAS signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, endocytosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, pathways in cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, central carbon metabolism in cancer

FR-β

2350

4

Antifolate resistance, endocytosis

FR-γ

2352

4

Antifolate resistance, endocytosis

NNMT

4837

4

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, metabolic pathways

QPRT

23,475

4

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, metabolic pathways

DAB adaptor protein 2

1601

3

Endocytosis

Diacylglycerol kinase alpha

1606

2

Glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, metabolic pathways, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, phospholipase D signaling pathway, choline metabolism in cancer

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

4860

2

Purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, metabolic pathways

Phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha

5130

2

Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, metabolic pathways, choline metabolism in cancer

Phospholipase D1

5337

2

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, metabolic pathways, RAS signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, sphingolipid signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, endocytosis, Fc γ R-mediated phagocytosis, glutamatergic synapse, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway, parathyroid hormone synthesis/secretion/action, pathways in cancer, pancreatic cancer, choline metabolism in cancer

Phospholipase D2

5338

2

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, metabolic pathways, RAS signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, sphingolipid signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, endocytosis, Fc γ gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, glutamatergic synapse, GnRH signaling pathway, parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action, pathways in cancer, pancreatic cancer, choline metabolism in cancer

Phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, β

9468

2

Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, metabolic pathways, choline metabolism in cancer

NTE5

22,978

2

Purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, metabolic pathways

Phospholipase A2 group IIE

30,814

2

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, metabolic pathways, RAS signaling pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction, pancreatic secretion, fat digestion and absorption

Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase 1

162,466

2

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, metabolic pathways

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3

157

1

Chemokine signaling pathway, endocytosis, Hedgehog signaling pathway, glutamatergic synapse, olfactory transduction, morphine addiction

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2

156

1

Chemokine signaling pathway, endocytosis, Hedgehog signaling pathway, glutamatergic synapse, olfactory transduction, morphine addiction

Arrestin β 2

409

1

MAPK signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, endocytosis, Hedgehog signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, olfactory transduction, Relaxin signaling pathway, parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action, GnRH secretion, morphine addiction

Choline O-acetyltransferase

1103

1

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, cholinergic synapse

RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family

7879

1

Mitophagy–animal, autophagy–animal, endocytosis, phagosome, Salmonella infection, amoebiasis, tuberculosis

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1

5167

1

Purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, metabolic pathways

  1. Sorted by the number of associated compounds of the target protein; hsa, Homo sapiens.
  2. aTarget proteins overlapping with the Genecards database search results, i.e., AChE and FGF-2 overlapped with results when ‘alopecia’ was used as a disease keyword in the Genecards database.